Stimulus Response Pathways + Reflex Arcs

Question 1

What is the stimulus response pathway?

Answer 1

The way that we react to a changing environment

Question 2

What is the first step in the stimulus-response model?

Answer 2

A receptor converts a stimulus into a nerve impulse

Question 3

What is the second step in the stimulus-response model?

Answer 3

The nerve impulse is transmitted by a sensory neuron to the CNS (spinal cord)

Question 4

What occurs in the third step of the stimulus-response model?

Answer 4

Interneuron within the CNS transmits the signal to a control center (the brain)

Question 5

What happens in the fourth step of the stimulus-response model?

Answer 5

Information is processed in the CNS (the brain)

Question 6

What is the fifth step in the stimulus-response model?

Answer 6

Motor neuron transmits a resultant nerve impulse from the CNS (brain back to spinal cord) to an effector

Question 7

What is the final step of the stimulus-response model?

Answer 7

A response is generated

Question 8

What is a stimulus?

Answer 8

Any deviation from the normal state

Question 9

What are receptors?

Answer 9

Cells that allow us to detect different types of stimuli

Question 10

Name the five primary types of receptors

Answer 10

• Chemoreceptors
• Mechanoreceptors
• Pain receptors
• Thermoreceptors
• Photoreceptors

Question 11

Where are chemoreceptors located and what do they detect?

Answer 11

Located in the nose and tongue; sensitive to chemicals like odour molecules

Question 12

Where are mechanoreceptors located and what do they detect?

Answer 12

Located in the skin, inner ear, and muscles; sensitive to touch, pressure, sound, and motion

Question 13

Where are pain receptors located and what do they detect?

Answer 13

Located in the skin and are sensitive to pressure and pain

Question 14

Where are thermoreceptors located and what do they detect?

Answer 14

Located in the skin; sensitive to temperature changes

Question 15

Where are photoreceptors located and what do they detect?

Answer 15

Located in the eyes; sensitive to light

Question 16

What are effectors?

Answer 16

Muscles and glands that cause an effect in response to nervous system directions

Question 17

What is a response?

Answer 17

Caused by the effector and is usually a return to normal conditions

Question 18

Why is the stimulus response pathway important?

Answer 18

Organisms need to detect and respond to changes in their internal and external environment

Question 19

What mechanism do organisms use to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 19

Negative feedback mechanism

Question 20

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 20

A special type of stimulus response pathway designed to work quickly and automatically

Question 21

True or False: Reflex arcs bypass the brain.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

List the steps in a reflex arc

Answer 22

1. Stimulus and Receptor:
   A stimulus is detected by a sensory receptor
2. Sensory Neuron:
   A sensory neuron turns the stimulus into an electrical impulse.
3. Intereuron:
   The impulse travels to an interneuron in the spinal cord or brain stem.
4. Motor Neuron:
   The relay neuron then transmits the impulse to a motor neuron.
5. Effector:
   The motor neuron carries the impulse to an effector, which can be a muscle or gland.
6. Response:
   The effector produces a response, such as muscle contraction