Stiner - Aging

Question 1

The hayflick limit states that differentiated cells from animals undergo a _____ number of cell divisions, unless they are _______ by cancer cells via mutations or viral infection

Answer 1

limited

transformed

Question 2

True or False
certain cells retain some replicative capacity even in aged individuals (such as immune cells; although they are not as potent)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

_____ is the time dependent deterioration in the function of an organism

Answer 3

aging

Question 4

There are 2 general theories of aging; _____ and ______

Answer 4

biological

chemical

Question 5

The _______ theory of aging involves genetically controlled events; programmed expression or repression of genetic information; numerous diseases such as Progeria and Werners syndrome

Answer 5

biological

Question 6

The ______ theory of aging involves the somatic, cumulative damage to biomolecules; can be enzymatic or non-enzymatic

Answer 6

chemical

Question 7

True or False
the chemical theory of aging attributes to differences in lifespan to interspecies in genetics but also provides an explanation for the observation that there is a genetic component to longevity in a species

Answer 7

False; the biological model does

Question 8

The ______ of DNA repair enzymes are closely correlated to lifespan

Answer 8

efficiency (longer lived species have more efficient DNA repair systems)

Question 9

Aging (via the biological theory) occurs as an orchestrated end stage of birth, growth, maturation, and reproduction via ______ and ______ _____

Answer 9

apoptosis

thymic involution

Question 10

Aging (via the chemical theory) is difficult to quantify because of the ____ ____ processes and it overall damages the integrity of the genome

Answer 10

DNA repair

Question 11

The most widely accepted chemical theory of aging is the _____ _____ theory of aging

Answer 11

free radical (FRTA)

Question 12

FRTA states that aging results from ______ _____ damage to biomolecules; longer lived organisms have ____ rates of ROS production

Answer 12

cumulative oxidative

lower

Question 13

True or False

The FRTA theory does not take genetics into account

Answer 13

False; it does not ignore the important of genetics and biology in limiting the production of ROS and in antioxidant/repair mechanisms

Question 14

AGE and ALEs stand for advanced _______ endoproducts

Answer 14

advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation endproducts

Question 15

In humans, the most significant genetic determinant of life expectancy is _____

Answer 15

sex

women generally live longer than men

Question 16

Anti-aging interventions can be _____ and/or ______

Answer 16

physical

biochemical

Question 17

One of the main biochemical anti-aging interventions is the use of _________; although there is no concrete experimental evidence that this has any affect on lifespan, although it may improve overall health thus increasing longevity

Answer 17

anti-oxidants

Question 18

_____ ____ is the only intervention that consistently extends maximum lifespan in a variety of species; and may help delay the onset of cancer

Answer 18

calorie restriction

Question 19

While calorie restriction has not been tested in humans, ______ is a risk factor for cancer in humans

Answer 19

obesity