STM,LTM, Semantic&Consciousness Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
immediate
A
STM
2
Q
delayed recall
A
LTM
3
Q
this happens within 2-20 seconds
A
STM
4
Q
stimulus driven
A
STM
5
Q
this is where current/recent info is held
A
STM
6
Q
executive controller in charge of conscious processing to other components in memory system
A
working memory
7
Q
verbal rehersal takes place in
A
working memory
8
Q
grouping of info held in STM
A
chunking
9
Q
grouping items into units so we can remember them better
ex:area codes, social security
A
chunking
10
Q
interference takes away
A
STM
11
Q
digits are over learned
A
true
12
Q
3 types of recall
A
- free
- serial
- recognition
13
Q
mental recycling
A
rehearsal buffer
14
Q
increases likelihood of transferring to LTM
A
rehearsal buffer
15
Q
display of accuracy in recall across original positions in “to be learned” list, bow tied shape
A
serial position curve
16
Q
early, first position of list
A
primacy
17
Q
last few items of list
A
recency
18
Q
list of items may be recalled in any order
A
free recall
19
Q
participants must recall list of items in the order they were presented in
A
serial recall
20
Q
Y/N task in which participants are asked to judge whether they’ve seen the stimulus before and their Y/N response is timed and measured
A
recognition task
21
Q
verbal rehearsal and conscious processing takes place, executive controller is in charge of conscious processing
A
Baddeley’s working memory model
22
Q
mechanism responsible for assessing attentional needs of different subsystem & furnishings of said subsystems.
A
central executive
23
Q
any executive component of the memory system keeps track of processes completed, diverting attention from one activity to another
A
executive controller
24
Q
part of phonological loop involved in active refreshing of info
A
articulatory loop
25
component responsible for recycling verbal material via rehearsal
phonological loop
26
visual and perceptual component of Baddeley's working memory model
visual-spatial sketch pad
27
portion of working memory where info from different sources are bound together to form new episodic memories
episodic buffer
28
method in which 2 tasks are preformed simultaneously
dual task paradiagms
29
interference during recall b/c of some previous activity
proactive interference
30
interference from recent event/experience that influences memory for an earlier event
ex: trying to recall items from list1 but instead recalling items from list2
retroactive interference
31
LTM retrieval that entails deliberate recollection or awareness
explicit memory
32
LTM performance affected by prior experience with no necessary awareness of the influence
implicit memory
33
LTM knowledge that can be retrieved then reflected on consciously
declarative memory
34
general world knowledge is stored
semantic memory
35
personally experience info is stored
episodic memory
36
mental activation of a concept by some means or spread of activation from one concept to another
priming
37
activation of some target info by action of a previously presented prime
priming
38
info subjected only to maintanence rehearsal isn't being processed more deeply into meaning based levels of memory system and isn't being recalled/recognized as accurate info
Craik and Lockhart's levels of processing
39
task in which pairs of items(stimulus/response) are to be learned and upon presentation of stimulus the response term can be recalled
paired associate learning
40
memory loss caused by brain damage/injury
amnesia
41
loss of memory for info before the damage
retrograde amnesia
42
loss of memory for info after the damage
anterograde amnesia
43
specific nature of an item's coding including all the context that it was encoded in, determines how effectlivly the item can be retrieved
encoding specificity
44
concrete words can be encoded into memory twice, one as verbal symbols and once as image based symbols. this increases the likelihood they'll be remembered
dual coding hypothesis
45
momentary retrieval failure, with the sense of being on the verge of retrieving the concept
tip of the tongue (TOT)
46
input or take into memory
encoding
47
accessing info stored in memory whether or not that accesss involves conscious awareness
retrieval
48
LTM knowledge is accessed/retrieved. some form of mental excitation is believed to be passed along the pathways that connect concepts in a memory network
spreading activation
49
point/location in LTM, a concept or representation in memory
nodes
50
reaction time is sped up for judgments are made easier when the concepts are closer together in semantic distance when they're closely related
semantic relatedness effect
51
a task in which subjects must respond t/f to simple sentences
sentence verification tasks
52
typical members of a category tend to be judged more rapidly than atypical members
typicality effect
53
typical or average member of a category
prototype
54
simple y/n task in which subjects are timed as they decide whether the letter string being presented is a word
lexical decision
55
disruption in which a person loses access to 1 semantic category of words/concepts while not losing others
category-specific deficit
56
positive/negative effect on processing b/c of prior presentation of related info
facilitation
57
active suppression of mental representations of salient but irrelevant info so that the activation level is reduced
inhibition
58
of intervening trials between a prime and a target
lags
59
1st stimulus in a prime-target pair intended to exert some influence on 2nd stimulus
prime
60
2nd pair of prime-target stimulus, any concept that's designated as being of special interest
target
61
memory of something that didn't happen
false memory
62
incorrectly claiming to remember info that wasn't part of original experience
misinfo effect
63
memory of the exact source of info
source memory
64
intentional forgetting of painful experiences
repressed memories
65
memories of specific, personally exeperience in real world
autobiographical memory
66
memories of specific, emotionally salient events, reported subjectively to be as detailed as a photo
flashbulb memories
67
longer words are recalled less
word length effect
68
words/letters that sound the same are harder to retain
phonological similarity
69
planning future action, decisions, retrieval
central executive
70
this part of the brain moves STM into LTM
hippocampus
71
the events
eposodic
72
the facts
semantic
73
nondeclarative
implicit
74
personal, autobiographical
eposodic
75
general world knowledge
semantic
76
he used himself as a participant in his studies
Ebbinghaus
77
remembering stuff after a few days
relearning task
78
not as likely to get into LTM
low level
79
memory is determined by how the person processes it
depth of processing
80
he made up the dual coding hypothesis
Paivo
81
remembering objects, we have a place for the word/images
dual coding hypthoesis
82
taking a test in the same place you've learned info is an example of
encoding specificity
83
HERA
hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry
84
left prefrontal cortex has ___ info
encoding
85
right prefront corex has __ info
retrieval
86
this guy was like 50 first dates
HM
87
HM had __ amesia
anterograde amnesia
88
this task invovled rotating a , ppl with Alzheimer's disease had good ___ not ____
procedural, eposodic
89
knowledge about one's own memory and how it works
metamemory
90
example of spreading activiation
car-> truck
91
when each concept has a list of semantic features/hierarchial levels
feature comparision
92
example of hierarchial network
bird, feathers, red-breasted
93
she said that a membership in categories is a matter of degree, having boundaries
elanor rosch
94
example of person who has category specific deficit
JBR
95
ERP
event related potentials
96
this reflects whether sentences make sense or not
ERP
97
concrete words are learned better than abstract
true
98
there is a long reaction time in ___ category
semantic
99
immediate priming is faster
true
100
trace/neural changes that represent meaning
engram
101
change in weights
connectism
102
active org of past reaction/experiences
schemas
103
org collection of info
knowledge
104
comprehension is top down
true
105
things we know how to do in everyday life
scripts
106
scripts is faster to process info
true
107
when you forget stuff
acts of omission
108
when you alter what was supposed to be remembered
acts of commission
109
failure to forget
persistance
110
representation of meaning that can be stored in/retrieved from memory
proposition
111
how we think is influenced by how we act/interact with our world
true
112
verbatim mental representation of exact words, technical accuracy
surace
113
basic idea units
textbase
114
create models of situations described (gist)
situation
115
taking what you hear/read, build propositions
language abstraction
116
ability to do something in the future
prospective memory
117
change in memory of experienced event as a fxn of some later event
memory impairment
118
4 factors of memory distortion
- source misattribution
- misfo acceptance
- implanted memories
- memory over confidence
119
jury responds to
eye witness testimony
120
seeiing same ppl everyday
prolonged acquisition
121
seeing same ppl every week
distributed practice
122
infantile amnesia appears in what age?
2-4 yrs
123
reminiscence bump appears in what age?
15-25 yrs
124
example of spontaneous memory
odor
125
high emotional content
flashbulb content
126
Descartes
mind/body
127
mind is
conscious
128
mind
effortful
immediate
remembering
129
body is
unconscious
130
body
LTM
automatic
knowing
131
How do we study consciousness?
-priming
-vision
-sleep
-altered states of consciousness
(behavior, EEG)
132
below level of conscious recognition
subliminal priming
133
conscious awareness
sensory threshold
134
some awareness but less control of thoughts
daydreaming
135
healthy sleep, dreams
REM
136
altered states of consciousness
- coma
- locked in syndrome
- minimally conscious
137
where you are paralyzed and voiceless but know what's going on around you
locked in syndrome
138
restores communication channels with ppl who have locked in syndrome
brain computer interfaces
139
this profession is an example of normal adults who lose consciousness
fighter pilots
140
intrinsic, consciously accessable, non-physical phenomena objects that are responsible for their phenominal behavior, sense of self
qualia
141
working memory relies on
phonological info
142
phonological store is like your ___, you can hear yourself talk to yourself
inner ear
143
articulatory loop is like your ___ when you mentally say things to yourself
inner voice
144
example of visual spatial
mental rotation
145
this is where important chunking occurs
episodic buffer
146
retrieves info from LTM
workingmemory
