Stoichiometry

Question 1

A + B —> AB
Ex. C + O2 = CO2

Answer 1

Synthesis (Combination)

Question 2

AB —> A + B
Ex. CO2 —> C + O2

Answer 2

Decomposition

Question 3

A + BC —> AB + C
Ex. Mg + 2 HCI —> MgCl2 + H2

Answer 3

Single Replacement

Question 4

AB + CD —> AD + BC

Answer 4

Double Replacement

Question 5

CO2 + H2O

Answer 5

Combustion

Question 6

Acid + Base —> Salt + Water
Ex. HCI + NaOH —> NaCl + H2O

Answer 6

Acid-Base Neutralization

Question 7

Biomolecules

Answer 7

An organic molecule (C-H bond) that is essential for life. Fuel for metabolism of an organism.

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Monomer: Monosaccharides
- Great source of energy
- Covalent Bond: Glycosidic Bond

Types: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 9

Monosaccharides

Answer 9

single sugar: Glucose (blood), Fructose (fruit), Galactose (brain)

Question 10

Disaccharides

Answer 10

2 monosaccharides joined:
Glucose + Glucose - Maltose (malt sugar)
Glucose + Fructose - Sucrose ( table sugar)
Glucose + Galactose - Lactose (milk sugar)

Question 11

Polysaccharides

Answer 11

Multiple monosaccharides:
- Starch: found in plants
- Glycogen: found in animals
- Cellulose: found in fibers and plant cell walls

Pectin - polysaccharide found in ripe fruits

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

Monomer: Fatty Acids and Glycerol
- Energy Source. Long-term energy storage and serves as insulation.
- Covalent Bond: Ester Bond

Question 13

Fatty Acid types

Answer 13

Saturated: solid in room temperature
Unsaturated: liquid in room temperature
Trans Fat: unsaturated fat that is forced to be straight and solid

Question 14

4 Types of Lipids

Answer 14

Triglyceride - Fats and oils. Glycerol with 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid - containing a phosphate group in its molecule. Cell membrane (2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate)
Steroid - 4 rings of carbon for regulation
Wax - long-chain apolar lipids forming a protective coating on plants leaves, fruits, amd animals. Water-repellent

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Monomer: Amino Acids
- For structure
- Covalent Bond: Peptide Bond

Myosin and Actin - responsible for muscle cell contraction
Collagen- holds the body together

Question 16

Amino Acids

Answer 16

Essential - from food
Non-essential- can be made by humans

Question 17

Nucleic Acids

Answer 17

Monomer: Nucleotide
- For heredity
- covalent bond: Phisphodiester Bond & Hydrogen Bonds

Types: DNA, RNA, ATP