Stomach

Question 1

This type of gastric ulcer has a higher risk of perforation. It is due to intracranial disease and can involve gastric, duodenal and esophageal tissues

Answer 1

Cushing ulcers

Question 2

This gastric ulcer occurs in the proximal duodenum, due to severe burns, and trauma

Answer 2

Curling ulcer

Question 3

This is the most common type of gastric closer, and is due to shock, sepsis or severe trauma

Answer 3

Stress ulcers

Question 4

Abnormal submucosal arteriole at the lesser curvature near GEJ that results to bleeding when overlying mucosa is damaged

Answer 4

Dieulafoy lesion

Question 5

Alternating longitudinal stripes of edematous erythematous mucosa and other paler less severely injured mucosa. Can be due to cirrhosis or systemic sclerosis

Answer 5

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)

Question 6

Stress ulcers vs PUD ulcers

Answer 6

Stress ulcers multiple and usually brown to black

Question 7

Components of an ulcer

Answer 7

NIGS
Necrotic debris
Inflammation
Granulation tissue
Scar (fibrosis)

Question 8

What are the antibodies in autoimmune atrophic gastritis

Answer 8

Anti-parietal cell (proton pump or HKATPase) and anti-IF

Question 9

Prognosis of Autoimmune atrophic gastritis

Answer 9

Rf for adenocarcinoma and also
Low grade NE tumor (carcinoid) due to endocrine cell hyperplasia

Question 10

Virulence factor of H. Pylori more commonly associated with gastric cancer

Answer 10

CagA toxin

Question 11

Exuberant reactive epithelial proliferation assoc with entrapment of epithelial-lined cysts.
Types
Cause

Answer 11

Gastritis cystica
GC polyposa: submucosa
GC profunda: deeper layer
Thought to be trauma-induced

Question 12

Menetrier disease
Cause
Ssx
Morpho
Prognosis

Answer 12

Increased TGF-alpha
Protein losing enteropathy
Diffuse hyperplasia of foveolar epithelium in body and fundus
Increased risk for adenocarcinoma

Question 13

Hypertrophic gastropathy due to gastrinomas
Dx
Assoc syndrome
Ssx
Morpho

Answer 13

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
MEN1 (25%)
Duodenal ulcers and chronic diarrhea
Massive parietal cell hyperplasia

Question 14

Polyp characteristics with increased risk for dysplasia

Answer 14

Pedunculated polyps that are >1 cm

Question 15

Fundic gland polyp
Pathogenesis
Prognosis

Answer 15

Sporadic - activating mutation in beta catenin; no significant risk of neoplasia
Germline mutations in APC - assoc with high risk for dysplasia
DNA repair gene MUTYH

Question 16

Fundic gland polyp mutation assoc with higher risk for dysplasia

Answer 16

Germline mutation in APC