Stomach Flashcards
(23 cards)
1
Q
cell types in gastric glands (8)
A
- mucous (neck) cels
- gastric surface mucous cells
- parietal cells
- chief/zymogen/peptic cells
- enteroendocrine cells
- undifferentiated (cuboidal) cells
- mucous cells of glands
- goblet cells
2
Q
mucous (neck) cells
A
- predominant cell type in pyloric and cardiac glands
- low columnar or cuboidal (flattened/crescent shaped nucleus)
- neck of fundic gland
- basophilic cytoplasm
3
Q
gastric surface mucous cells
A
- columnar cells in a sheet
- basal nuclei not flat
- secrete mucins, HCO3
4
Q
parietal cells
A
- fundic glands
- large, pyramidal, acidophilic
- bulge toward periphery
- many mitochondria
- intracelluar canaliculus when active (microvilli)
- inactive: tubulovesiclar membranes
- produce acidity –> pump H and Cl into lumen
- secrete intrinsic factor
5
Q
chief/zymogen/peptic cells
A
- fundic glands
- most numerous cell type
- columnar
- pale basophilic staining
- apices have zymogen granules with pepsinogen, gastric lipase
- secrete rennin in young animals
6
Q
enteroendocrine cells
A
- APUD system
- sparsely in stomach/intestine
- basal granules
- singly, adjacent to basal lamina
- apex may not reach lumen
7
Q
APUD cells
A
- enteroendocrine cells
- secrete mostly into interstitium where hormones diffuse into blood vessels/nearby target cells
- secretions important for coordination and control of GI function
- cell may secrete more than 1 type of hormone
8
Q
undifferentiated (cuboidal) cells
A
- in neck region
- give rise to all cells of gastric gland
9
Q
how do mucous cells differ
A
- in type of mucin produced
- mucin = glycoproteins (mucus)
- mucus = free “slime” of mucous membranes
10
Q
mucous cells of glands
A
- low columnar
- flattened/crescent shaped basal nuclei
- predominant cell in cardiac/pyloric glands
- in fundic gland region: mucous neck cells
11
Q
goblet cells
A
- singly or in small clusters throughout intestine
- narrow base, flared apex
- flattened basal nuclei
- also in respiratory system, some large ducts
12
Q
epithelium of ruminant forestomach
A
- stratified squamous, slightly cornified
- cell to cell attachment by desmosomes
- swollen cells
- wide intercellular spaces for absorption
- VFAs are absorbed and metaboolized
13
Q
t muscularis and t serosa in ruminant forestomach
A
- t muscularis: present in all compartments with 2 layers
- t serosa present
14
Q
rumen
A
- luminal surface: papillae (size variation)
- muscularis mucosa is absent
- fibroblasts
- no smooth muscle
15
Q
reticulum
A
- mechanical digestion
- reticular groove
- muscularis mucosa in free edge of honeycomb folds, lips of reticular groove
16
Q
omasum
A
- mechanical digestion
- muscularis mucosa and t muscularis interdigitate
17
Q
plicae circularis
A
- folds of mucosa and submucosa that are permanent in some species
- increase surface area of jejunum especially
18
Q
t mucosa of small intestine
A
- intestinal villi
- central lacteal (blind ended lymphatic) in center of villus for chylomicron transport
- strands of smooth muscle from muscularis mucosa extend into villus
- intestinal mucosal glands –> crypts
19
Q
lamina propria of small intestine
A
- reticular fibers and many free cells
- lymphatic nodules
- peyer’s patches (ileum)
20
Q
muscularis mucosa of small intestine
A
2 layers of smooth muscle
21
Q
t submucosa of small intestine
A
- aggregated lymphatic nodules in ileum
- intestinal submucosal glands
- submucosal nerve plexus
22
Q
intestinal submucosal glands of small intestine
A
- simple branched tubuloacinar glands
- open into base of intestinal mucosal glands
- apical membrane bound granules and basal RER
- secretion is mucous or serous or mixed, protective substances (intestinal mucosal barrier)
23
Q
t muscularis/serosa of small intestine
A
- muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle, myenteric nerve plexus
- t serosa
