Stomach Anatomy Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the five parts of the stomach?
Cardia, funds, body, antrum, pylorus
What are the sphincters in the stomach called?
Inferior oesophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter.
Where does the oesophagogastric junction lie?
To the left of the T11 vertebra, on the horizontal plane that passes through the tip of the xiphoid process.
What is the Z-line?
The line where the mucosa abruptly changes from oesophageal to gastric.
How is stomach reflux prevented?
Immediately superior to the Z-line, the diaphragmatic musculature forming the oesophageal hiatus functions as a physiological sphincter that contracts and relaxes. This coupled with the cardiac notch prevents reflux.
What is Barrett’s Oesophagus?
When chronic reflux may result in metaplastic changes in the mucosa of the lower end of the oesophagus: from stratified squamous to simple columnar with goblet cells.
How is the pyloric sphincter made?
At the pyloric end of the stomach, the circular muscle coat is thickened to produce the pyloric sphincter.
What is rugae?
When empty, the gastric mucosa is thrown into longitudinal folds called rugae.
What is the location and function of the gastric canal?
Forms temporarily between the gastric folds along the lesser curvature to allow saliva, other fluids and small amounts of chewed food to pass along to the pylorus.
What are the three distinct histological zones of the gastric mucosa?
Cardia:
neck cells - mucus
Fundus and body:
neck cells - mucus
parietal - acid
chief - pepsinogen
Pyloric:
neck cells - mucus
G-cells - gastrin
Where do peptic ulcers commonly occur?
In the antrum and the lesser curvature of the stomach.
What is the greater omentum?
A prominent, four-layered peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curve of the stomach. After descending it folds back and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery
What is the lesser omentum?
A smaller, double-layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver. It also connects the stomach to the portal triad.
What is the Omental (epiploic) Foramen and how can it be located?
The greater and lesser sacs communicate through the omental foramen, an opening situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament). The omental foramen can be located by running a finger along the gall bladder to free the edge of the lesser omentum and usually admits two fingers.
Where does the coeliac trunk originate from and what does it give rise to?
Originates from the abdominal aorta. Gives rise to the left splenic, splenic and common hepatic arteries.
Where does the blood supply of the stomach arise from (in general)?
From the coeliac trunk and its branches.
What is the blood supply to the lesser curvature?
Coeliac trunk -> left gastric
Coeliac trunk -> common hepatic -> right gastric
What is the blood supply to the greater curvature?
Coeliac trunk -> splenic -> left gastro-omental
Coeliac trunk -> common hepatic -> gasproduodenal -> right gastro-omental
What is the blood supply to the fundus and body?
Coeliac trunk -> splenic -> posterior gastric/small gastric
What is the course of the left gastric vein and what does it drain into?
Follows the course of the left gastric artery. Drains into the hepatic portal vein.
What is the course of the right gastric vein and what does it drain into?
Follows the course of the right gastric artery. Drains into the hepatic portal vein.
What is the course of the small gastric vein and what does it drain into?
Follows the course of the small gastric artery. Drains into the splenic vein. Joins SMV to form the hepatic portal vein.
What is the course of the left gastro-omental vein and what does it drain into?
Follows the course of the left gastro-omental artery. Drains into the splenic vein, joins SMV to form the hepatic portal vein.
What is the course of the right gastro-omental vein and what does it drain into?
Follows the course of the right gastro-omental artery. Drains into the superior mesenteric vein, joins splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein.
