Stomach Dx

Question 1

gastric, or stomach, ulcers are sores that form on the stomach lining

Answer 1

EGUS (equine gastric ulcer syndrome)

Question 2

EGUS affects __% of horse performance

Answer 2

40-93%

Question 3

80% of equine ulcers occurs in __________ tissue (less resistant)

Answer 3

squamous

Question 4

_________ & ______________ tissues are more resistant to acid injury (20% of equine ulcers)

Answer 4

glandular & mucus-secreting

Question 5

how long does horse graze

Answer 5

16-18 hr/day

Question 6

acid secreted during grazing

Answer 6

hypochloric acid

Question 7

gastric acidity is high in _________ stomach

Answer 7

empty

Question 8

anti-ulcer drug

Answer 8

ranitidine

Question 9

NSAIDs that inhibit COX2 -> inhibit prostaglandins leading to mucosal blood flow and mucus secretion interruption

Answer 9

phenylbutazone
flunixin meglumine

Question 10

teeth grinding

Answer 10

bruxism

Question 11

lesion grade: epithelium intact; no hyperemia (reddening) or hyperkeratosis (yellow appearance of squamous mucosa

Answer 11

Grade 0

Question 12

lesion grade: mucosa intact, areas of reddening or hyperkeratosis

Answer 12

Grade 1

Question 13

lesion grade: small, single or multifocal lesions

Answer 13

Grade 2

Question 14

lesion grade: large, single or multifocal lesions or extensive superficial lesions

Answer 14

Grade 3

Question 15

lesion grade: extensive lesions w/ areas of apparent deep ulceration

Answer 15

Grade 4

Question 16

test that checks for occult (hidden) blood in the stool

Answer 16

guaiac test/fecal occult blood test

Question 17

roughage that may help buffer stomach contents

Answer 17

alfalfa hay

Question 18

Concentrates should not exceed __ kg of grain per 100 kg body weight

Answer 18

0.5 kg

Question 19

dietary management:
- decreases stomach acid
- increases protective factors
- provides omega 3 and 6 FAs
improved circulation

Answer 19

corn oil

Question 20

dietary management:
- contains protective factors (phospholipids) for stomach lining
- produces ketoaldehyde that may cause rancidity

Answer 20

rice bran

Question 21

can help decrease rancidity

Answer 21

steam pasteurization

Question 22

H2 receptor antagonist

Answer 22

ranitidine
cimetidine

Question 23

acid pump inhibitor

Answer 23

Pantoprazoke
GastroGard

Question 24

drug that targets the glandular portion only and adheres to ulcerated mucosa then stimulates mucus secretion and enhances PGE synthesis

Answer 24

sucralfate

Question 25

problem of antacids

Answer 25

rebound secretion of HCl

Question 26

best antacids for preventing horses w/ healed lesions

Answer 26

aluminum/magnesium hydroxide

Question 27

part of EGUS that is more commonly in foals

Answer 27

duodenal ulcers/strictures

Question 28

used in radiology to see SI

Answer 28

barium sulfate

Question 29

duodenal ulcers/strictures tx

Answer 29

omeprazole ranitidine sx - gastrojejunostomy

Question 30

NOTES technique

Answer 30

natural orifice transluminal endoscopic sx

Question 31

uncommon in older horses and it arises from squamous mucosa and metastasizes to tye abdominal cavity and viscera and/or extends up to the esophagus

Answer 31

gastric neoplasia

Question 32

common form of gastric neoplasia

Answer 32

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 33

tx of gastric neoplasia

Answer 33

none

Question 34

infrequent cause of colic in horses and may occur during winter when dry hay is fed and water intake is lower

Answer 34

gastric impaction

Question 35

gastric impaction tx

Answer 35

DSS (dioctyl sodium succinate)