Stomach & Intestines

Question 1

The digestive system begins with the _______ and ends with the ________.

Answer 1

Oral cavity
Anus

Question 2

List the tunics (coats) of the Gastrointestinal Tract from superficial to deep. (4 Layers)

Answer 2

Serous coat (visceral pericardium)
Muscular coat (longitudinal and circular layers)
Submucous coat
Mucous coat

Question 3

What is the job of longitudinal and circular muscle layers in the muscular coat of the stomach?

Answer 3

Longitudinal- mix the contents
Circular- protect digesta cranially and or caudally

Question 4

The _________ __________ allows contents from esophagus to move into the stomach and vice versa.

Answer 4

cardiac sphincter

Question 5

The ________ region of the stomach easily expands depending on how much food is in the stomach. It is also toward the left side of the body.

Answer 5

Fundus

Question 6

The _________ region of the stomach is toward the right side in the body.

Answer 6

Pylorus

Question 7

Once the esophagus passes the esophageal hiatus, it is then referred to as what?

Answer 7

the abdominal esophagus

Question 8

Where is the esophageal hiatus located in the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Between the right and left lumbar portions

Question 9

What is the definition of vomit?

Answer 9

the involuntary forceful expulsion of content from stomach to the mouth

Question 10

What is the connective tissue between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver?

Answer 10

The lesser omentum

Question 11

What structures arise from the dorsal mesentery?

Answer 11

Dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)
Mesoduodenum
Mesojejunum
Mesoileum
Mesocolon
Mesorectum

Question 12

What structures arise from the ventral mesentery?

Answer 12

Ventral Mesogastrium (lesser omentum)
Falciform ligament
Median ligament of the bladder

Question 13

The greater omentum courses from where?

Answer 13

the dorsal body wall to the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 14

The superficial layer of the greater omentum contains what organ?

Answer 14

the spleen

Question 15

The deep leaf of the greater omentum contains what organ?

Answer 15

Left lobe of the pancreas

Question 16

The first structure you will see when you ventrally open the peritoneum is what?

Answer 16

The omental bursa

Question 17

List the parts of the duodenum (6 parts)

Answer 17

CrD: Cranial part
CrDF: cranial duodenal flexure
DeD: Descending part
CaDF: Caudal duodenal flexure
AsD: Ascending part
DJF: Duodenaljejunal flexure

Question 18

What is the part of the perineum that holds the duodenum?

Answer 18

Meso-duodenum

Question 19

What is the longest portion of the small intestine?

Answer 19

Jejunum

Question 20

How do you differentiate the jejunum from the ilium?

Answer 20

The ilium has the antimesenteric ileal artery and the iloceccal fold

Question 21

What are the three portions of the large intestine?

Answer 21

Cecum, colon and rectum

Question 22

The cecum is defined by what?

Answer 22

double flexure with a blind sac

Question 23

List the parts of the colon

Answer 23

Ascending colon
Right colic flexure
transverse colon
left colic flexure
descending colon

Question 24

What is the term to describe the transition between the mucosal of the rectum and the skin of the anus?

Answer 24

Anocutaneous line

Question 25

What kind of muscle comprises the external anal sphincter?

Answer 25

Skeletal muscle- voluntary movement

Question 26

What kind of muscle comprises the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 26

Smooth muscle- involuntary movement

Question 27

List the 9 topographical regions of the abdomen/

Answer 27

Right and left hypochondrium Xiphoid (Epigastric) Umbilical (Mesogastric) Right and left flank Right and left umbilical Pubic (Hypogastric)

Question 28

What structures are found in the Right Hypochondrium?

Answer 28

Right lobes of the liver Stomach (Pylorus) Right colic flexure Right kidney

Question 29

What structures are found in the left Hypochondrium?

Answer 29

Left lobes of the liver Stomach (Fundus) Spleen Left colic flexure Left kidney (Cranial pole)

Question 30

What structures are found in the xiphoid region?

Answer 30

Liver/ gall bladder stomach (body) Transverse colon Left lobe of the pancreas

Question 31

What structures are found in the Right Flank?

Answer 31

descending duodenum right lobe of the pancreas jejunum right ovary and uterine horn ascending colon cecum ilium

Question 32

What structures are found in the umbilical region?

Answer 32

Transverse colon caudal duodenal flexure jejunum root of mesenterium ventral end of spleen (variable) Urinary Bladder (when it if full) Left lobe of the pancreas

Question 33

What structures are found in the left flank?

Answer 33

descending colon left kidney (caudal pole) spleen jejunum left ovary and uterine horn

Question 34

What structures are found in the right inguinal region?

Answer 34

inguinal canal spermatic cord (male) vaginal process (female)

Question 35

What structures are found in the pubic region?

Answer 35

urinary bladder uterus (body/cervix) descending colon/rectum

Question 36

What structures are found in the left inguinal region?

Answer 36

inguinal canal spermatic cord (male) vaginal process (female)