Stomach Pathologies Flashcards
What is the condition when all your internal organs are flipped on the opposite side
Situs inversus
Is situs inversus dangerous?
No
- Congenital abnormality
- Thickened pyloric sphincter, when the two muscle layers of the pylorus becomes hypertrophic and hyperplastic
Pyloric stenosis
What is IHPS
infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
what does pyloric stenosis cause?
projectile vomiting
how do we confirm pyloric stenosis?
S&D exams or ultrasound
What is hypertrophy?
Cell size increases
What is hyperplasia?
Cell count increases
Radiographic appearance of pyloric stenosis?
- Filling defect
- Delayed stomach emptying
- mushroom sign
- Group of inflammatory processes that involve the stomach and duodenum
- Caused by stomach acid and pepsin enzyme eroding stomach lining or duodenum
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease causes:
- can be gastric and/or duodenal ulcer
- causes GI bleed
- can cause gastric outlet obstruction
- bleeding
- abdominal pain
- pain in back
- burning
- nausea
What is the most common cause of acute upper GI bleeding?
Peptic Ulcer disease
Whats the difference between red blood and black blood?
red blood is fresh, black blood was digested (or partially)
What is the most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease?
Duodenal Ulcer
Where are duodenal ulcers commonly found?
In the duodenal bulb
Radiographic appearance of duodenal ulcers:
- Collection of CM in a crater projecting out of the duodenal lumen w/ lucent mucosal folds leading to it
- Thickened mucosal folds and bulb deformity
What percent of gastric ulcers are malignant?
5%
Radiographic appearance of gastric ulcers?
- Collection of CM protruding outside the stomach lumen
- gastric erosions, small ulcers that show as dots surrounded by a halo with barium
What is carcinoma of the stomach?
stomach cancer / gastric cancer
like other cancers, can metastasize
Where does stomach cancer usually occur and start?
- Occurs at any site of the stomach but usually at the gastro-esophageal junction
- Starts in the mucosa, innermost stomach layer.
Symptoms of carcinoma of the stomach:
- abdominal pain
- nausea
- vomiting
- may have blood, weight loss, tarry stool
Radiographic appearance of Stomach Cancer:
May show:
- narrowing and loss of elasticity
- uneven stomach contours and/or small masses indenting the stomach
- show as a polypoid mass containing irregularity and ulceration
What do we use to stage stomach cancer?
CT, then we plan treatment, response to therapy and assess recurrence.
How does eating affect Duodenal Ulcers?
May relieve pain
