storage of reservoirs

Question 1

can retain such excess supplies during periods of peak flows and can release them gradually during low flows as and when the need arises.

Answer 1

Storage reservoir

Question 2

also called conservation reservoirs because they are used to conserve water.

Answer 2

Storage reservoir

Question 3

connected with the conduits of a primary water supply; used to supply water to consumers according to fluctuations in demand over short time periods and serves for local storage in case of emergency..

Answer 3

distribution reservoir

Question 4

is planned and constructed to serve not only one purpose but various purpose together.

Answer 4

multi-purpose reservoir

Question 5

stores a portion of the flood flows in such a way as to minimize the flood peaks at the area to be protected downstream.

Answer 5

flood control reservoir

Question 6

The discharge from a storage reservoir is regulated by gates and valves operated based on the judgment of the project engineer. It differs from conservation reservoirs as they need large sluiceway capacity to allow rapid drawdown before and after a flood.

Answer 6

STORAGE RESERVOIR OF DETENTION BASIN

Question 7

An excavated area installed on, or adjacent to, tributaries of rivers, streams, lakes, or bays to protect against flooding and, in some cases, downstream erosion by storing water for a limited period of time

Answer 7

RETARDING BASIN OR RETARDING RESERVOIR

Question 8

Reservoirs designed to store freshwater and supply drinking water to a community or region. It serves as a crucial component of water supply infrastructure, ensuring a consistent and reliable source of clean water for residential, commercial, industrial use.

Answer 8

DRINKING WATER RESERVOIR

Question 9

also known as water storage reservoir, is a man-made structure designed to store and manage water supply for agricultural purposes

Answer 9

IRRIGATION RESERVOIR

Question 10

Hydroelectric reservoir is a type of reservoir specifically designed for generating electricity using hydropower

Answer 10

HYDROPOWER RESERVOIR

Question 11

are also used to generate electricity although not very efficient in producing since the wheel does not rotate rapidly enough to generate much electricity

Answer 11

Water wheels

Question 12

Is a type of reservoir used for recreational activities. It is designed to provide recreational activities such as boating, fishing, kayaking, and other water-based leisures.

Answer 12

RECREATIONAL RESERVOIR

Question 13

These reservoirs are constructed on rivers or streams, utilizing their flow to fill the reservoir

Answer 13

On-stream Reservoirs

Question 14

Reservoirs that are not located directly on a river or stream, but rather connected through diversion channels or pipelines.

Answer 14

Off-Stream Reservoirs

Question 15

Reservoirs constructed underground, typically in natural geological formations or excavated spaces.

Answer 15

Underground Reservoirs

Question 16

Designed to withstand the maximum probable flood.

Answer 16

MAJOR DAMS

Question 17

Dams are designed to handle the discharge from the most severe storm considered to be reasonably characteristic of watershed.

Answer 17

INTERMEDIATE DAMS

Question 18

Some key characteristics and features of intermediate dams:

Answer 18

Diversion of Water
Minimal Reservoir Formation
Flow Control
Hydroelectric Power Generation
Environmental Considerations
Water Supply and Irrigation

Question 19

Designed to handle floods with return periods of 50 to 100 years

Also known as small reservoirs or small-scale water storage systems, refer to relatively small bodies of water created by constructing dams or barriers across rivers or streams. Can serve various purposes and can be found in both urban and rural areas.

Answer 19

MINOR DAMS

Question 20

This method, although now seldom used for the estimation of volume, requires a launch equipped with echo sounder, the position of the launch on the lake being fixed by sextant or theodolite. The soundings of depth are taken along carefully selected cross sections.

Answer 20

VOLUME DETERMINED BY CONVENTIONAL SURVEYING METHODS

Question 21

applies to volumes of all geometric solids that can be considered prismoids.

Answer 21

PRISMOIDAL FORMULA

Question 22

For the determination of reservoirs capacity

Answer 22

• The Yield is a function of
o the inflow, and
o the capacity of the reservoir.
• Safe Yield (Firm Yield)
• Critical Period
• Average Yield
• Target Yield
• For the determination of reservoir capacity, the critical period must be determined first. And a long period of observed flow is required.

Question 23

The simplest procedure which is quite satisfactory for small water-supply impoundments, storm water retention ponds
and wastewater equalization basins
that was proposed in 1883, which was named after the developer of the said method.

It is a simple method, a graphical technique at hand, which is commonly used to estimate the required storage capacity of a reservoir in project planning stage.

Answer 23

Mass Curve Diagram or Ripple Method,

Question 24

1) CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIRS

Answer 24

I. Storage
II. Flood Control
III. Distribution
IV. Multipurpose

Question 25

2) STORAGE RESERVOIR

Answer 25

I. Drinking Water Reservoir II. Hydropower Reservoir III. Irrigation Reservoir IV. Recreational Reservoir

Question 26

3) DAMS

Answer 26

I. Location II. Size

Question 27

4) METHODS FOR DETERMINING VOLUME

Answer 27

I. Average end-area formula II. Prismoidal formula III. Variation of Supply and Demand IV. Peak Demand Method V. Sequent Peak

Question 28

TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIR

Answer 28

STORAGE RESERVOIR OF DETENTION BASIN RETARDING BASIN OR RETARDING RESERVOIR

Question 29

built to store water for agriculture purposes, such as crop irrigation or during times of abundance such as during periods of heavy rainfall or snowmelt, and release it gradually during drier periods when water availability is scarce

Answer 29

o Reservoirs

Question 30

(reservation capacity dams (1x106to6x107 m3)

Answer 30

MAJOR DAMS

Question 31

Examples of Major Dams

Answer 31

San Roque Dam Three Gorges Dam Hoover Dam

Question 32

(intermediate than 1x106m3)

Answer 32

INTERMEDIATE DAMS

Question 33

o Intermediate dams are built to redirect a portion of the river’s flow into a canal, channel, or penstock, while allowing the remaining water to flow downstream. The diverted water can be used for various purposes, such as irrigation of agricultural lands or to drive turbines for generating electricity.

Answer 33

Diversion of Water

Question 34

o Unlike storage dams, intermediate dams do not create large reservoirs or impoundments. Instead, they typically have a low-profile structure with a series of gates or control mechanisms to regulate the flow of water.

Answer 34

Minimal Reservoir Formation

Question 35

o Intermediate dams are typically designed with environmental considerations in mind to minimize their impact on aquatic ecosystems. Fish ladders or fish bypass systems may be included to allow for the migration of fish and maintain the ecological connectivity of the river.

Answer 35

Environmental Considerations

Question 36

o Many intermediate dams are designed to harness the diverted water’s energy by installing turbines and generators. As the water flows through the turbines, it generates electricity, which can be used locally or transmitted to the power grid.

Answer 36

Hydroelectric Power Generation

Question 37

o Intermediate dams often incorporate gates, weirs, or spillways to control the flow of water and ensure that the desired amount is diverted while maintaining the required flow downstream. These structures help maintain ecological balance and ensure that downstream water users and ecosystems are not negatively affected.

Answer 37

Flow Control

Question 38

o Intermediate dams can provide a regulated water supply for various purposes, including domestic water supply, industrial use, or irrigation for agriculture. The diverted water can be distributed through canals or pipelines to meet the water demands of downstream users.

Answer 38

Water Supply and Irrigation

Question 39

(less than (1x106 m3)

Answer 39

MINOR DAMS

Question 40

The amount of water that is supplied for a critical period. It is a guaranteed amount during this critical period.

Answer 40

• Safe Yield (Firm Yield):

Question 41

The duration of lowest flow observed in the records of the stream.

Answer 41

• Critical Period:

Question 42

• During the periods of high flow there will be extra available water, more than the safe yield which is called Secondary yield.

Answer 42

true

Question 43

The arithmetic average of the safe and secondary yields over a long period.

Answer 43

• Average Yield

Question 44

The yield determined based on the estimated demands for a reservoir.

Answer 44

• Target Yield

Question 45

• For the determination of reservoir capacity, the critical period must be determined first. And a long period of observed flow is required.

Answer 45

true