Story of VDL

Question 1

certification of carbon removals to help reach net-zero emissions

Answer 1

To ensure the quality and comparability of carbon removals, the proposed regulation establishes four QU.A.L.ITY criteria:

Quantification: Carbon removal activities need to be measured accurately and deliver unambiguous benefits for the climate;
Additionality: Carbon removal activities need to go beyond existing practices and what is required by law;
Long-term storage: Certificates are linked to the duration of carbon storage so as to ensure permanent storage;
Sustainability: Carbon removal activities must preserve or contribute to sustainability objectives such as climate change adaptation, circular economy, water and marine resources, and biodiversity.

Question 2

common rules to promote the repair of goods for consumers

Answer 2

It establishes a number of measures to promote repair:
-Obligation to repair
-European Online Platform for repair
-Extension of the legal guarantee after repair
-National measures promoting repair
-European Repair Information Form

Question 3

Gigabit Infrastructure Act

Answer 3

The GIA introduces several measures aimed at streamlining the deployment of networks:
Shared use of infrastructure
Co-deployment and Coordination of Civil Works
Streamlining Administrative Procedures
Equipping Buildings with High-speed Ready Infrastructure

Question 4

new rules for the Schengen Borders Code.

Answer 4

The EU’s rulebook that deals with the management of internal and external borders as well as the rules governing border control of persons crossing the external EU borders.
1) In the event of a large-scale public health emergency the new rules grant the possibility – following a Council decision – to put in place harmonised temporary travel restrictions at the EU’s external borders.

2) In order to fight the instrumentalisation of migration the amended Schengen Borders Code will offer member states the possibility to limit the number of border crossing points or reduce their opening hours and allows for enhanced border surveillance measures.

3) The revised Schengen Borders Code clarifies the existing framework for the reintroduction and prolongation of internal border controls, which is possible when there is a serious threat to public policy or internal security.

4) the maximum duration during which these controls at the internal borders may be maintained. Internal border controls which have been notified to the Commission, member states and the European Parliament before being reintroduced may remain in place for a maximum duration of two years. In major exceptional situations, internal border controls may be prolonged by 6 additional months, renewable once for a total duration of one year.

5) Additionally, a new transfer procedure will allow a member state to transfer third-country nationals apprehended in the border area and staying illegally in its territory to the member state from which they arrived directly

Question 5

Net Zero Industry Act

Answer 5

The Net-Zero Industry Act aims to enhance European manufacturing capacity for net-zero technologies and their key components, addressing barriers to scaling up production in Europe.

The Act sets a goal for net-zero manufacturing capacity to meet at least 40% of the EU’s annual deployment needs by 2030.

By 2030, the act aims to create a Union market for CO2 storage services. It sets a Union-level goal and mandates an annual CO2 storage capacity of at least 50 million tonnes

Act establishes Net-Zero Industry Academies to develop learning content for education and training providers in EU countries. Each academy will focus on one net-zero industry technology and aim to train 100.000 learners each within three years of establishment.

Net-zero strategic project status
Net-zero strategic projects receive additional advantages, such as ‘priority status’ at national level, faster permitting,

New mandatory rules in in public procurement, auctions and other schemes. For public procurement, sustainability is a minimum mandatory requirement. The resilience criterion requires public buyers to diversify supply sources in cases of high dependency. Authorities must also consider at least one criterion among social sustainability, cyber security and timely delivery obligations.

Net-Zero Europe Platform: governance body that comprises the Commission and EU countries to monitor progress, discuss developments, and engage with civil society stakeholders

Question 6

2040 greenhouse gas reduction target

Answer 6

The Commission recommended reducing the EU’s net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040 relative to 1990.

Question 7

revision of the Multiannual Financial Framework’s ceilings

Answer 7

€50 billion for the Ukraine Facility (€17 billion in grants and €33 billion in loans)
€2 billion for migration and border management
€7.6 billion for the neighbourhood and the world
€1.5 billion for the European Defence Fund under the new STEP instrument
€2 billion for the flexibility instrument
€1.5 billion for the solidarity and emergency aid reserve

Question 8

The EU and social partners in Val Duchesse commit to strengthening social dialogue

Answer 8

The Belgian Presidency of the Council of the EU and European social partners signed a ‘Tripartite Declaration for a Thriving European Social Dialogue’.
The Declaration stands for strengthening social dialogue at EU level and to join forces in addressing key challenges in our economies and labour markets.
To promote and strengthen the role of social dialogue at European and national level, a dedicated European Social Dialogue Envoy will be established within the European Commission.
The Declaration also initiates a process towards a Pact for European Social Dialogue. The aim is to conclude the Pact by early 2025.

Question 9

first anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regulation

Answer 9

May 2024 - new EU anti-money laundering rules – package
- Regulation that sets up a new anti-money-laundering authority

• Regulation on anti-money laundering requirements for the private sector – harmonises and clarifies rules across EU; ensure consistent application (e.g., more stringent DD etc.) ; directly applicable framework with requirements for obliged entities
• Anti-money laundering directive - Single rulebook;
• revision of regulation of transfers of funds, adopted in 2023 - ensure information accompanying transfers of funds; make crypto-asset transfers traceable

Question 10

Data Act

Answer 10

complement data gov rules; “who can create value from data and under which conditions
– fair access and user rights while ensuring the protection of personal data
who what which conditions
connected products – ensure access to data generated by their use – legal certainty
Aims:
1) guaranteeing a fair distribution of the benefits derived from data amongst stakeholders;
2) stimulating a competitive data market;
3) opening up opportunities for data-driven innovation; and
4) making data, in particular data generated by connected products, more accessible.

Question 11

The co-legislators reach a historic agreement on five key files of the Pact on Migration and Asylum

Question 12

Euro 7 vehicle emission standards

Answer 12

rules on emission limits for road vehicles and battery durability.; rules for cars, vans, heavy-duty vehicles in one single legal act; incl. stricter lifetime requirements
in line with targets: 100% zero emission cars and vans by 2035; than
rules for exhaust emissions but also other types of emissions

-for all cars, vans, trucks and buses
–limited for emissions from brakes
–Rules on micropalstic pollution frm tyres etc.

-for internal combustion engine vehciles
–Fuel-and-technology-neutral emission limits
–Regulating additional pollutants

-for electric and plugin hybrid vehicles
–Battery durability requirements

Question 13

European Media Freedom Act

Answer 13

9 actions
1) Editorial independence
2) protect Journalist sources (incl. Against spyware)
3) Transparency media ownership
4) ensure independent functioning public service media
5) media against unjustified online content removal by very large online platforms
6) Right of customization of media offer on devices & interfaces
7) Transparency state advertising for media service providers
8) MS assessment - market concentrations, media pluralism & editorial independence
9) Transparency audience measurement
+New independent Board for Media Services

Question 14

Defence of Democracy package

Answer 14

• Communication reviewing work under EU Democracy Action Plan (free and fair elections, strengthen media freedom, counter disinformation)
• legislative proposal transparency and accountability stnadards for interest representation
• recommendation to promote free, fair and resilient elections
• recommendation – promote pp of citizens, civil society organisations

Question 15

co-legislators agree on the new laws on industrial emissions

Answer 15

revised Industrial and Livestock Rearing Emissions Directive (IED 2.0) – emissions from large industrial installations and intensive livestock farms (pig, poultry)
covers 37,000 industrial installations; 38,500 pig&poultry farms; now includes lanfills, metal extraction & battery gigafactories

new Innovation Centre for Industrial Transformation and Emissions (INCITE) – operated JRC

Question 16

the first auction under the
European Hydrogen Bank

Answer 16

Hydrogen Bank - 2022 launch; financing instrument; 4 pillars
1) Domestic pillar - EU Hydrogen Bank auctions

first hydrogen bank auction launched Feb 2023-Feb 2024 — awarded nearly EUR 720 million to 7 renewable hydrgen projects across Europe –from total of 132 bids (must start producing renewable hydrogen within 5y);
DE to become first EU country to participate in ‘auction-as-a-service’ scheme – Dec 2023 made EUR 350 available from nat budget

2nd auction : up to 1.2bn

2) International pillar

3) Transparency and coordination - pilot hydrogen mechanism to support market development of hydrogen; make available info on demand and supply

4) Coordination of support instruments - technical assistance

Question 17

e co-legislators reach
an agreement on the
Critical Raw Materials
Act

Answer 17

4 pillars
1. Setting clear priorities for action
2030 benchmark for domestic capcaities
- 10% EU’s needs for extraction
- 40% for processing
- 25% recycling
- no more than 65% of EU’s annual needs of each strategic raw material at any relevant stage of processing from single third country

2. Building European capacities (e.g., permitting…)
3. Improving resilience (monitor capacity stress tests, strategic stockpiles, sust Investment, trade)
4. Investing in research, innovation and skills (large-scale partnership on critical raw materials supply, raw materials academy)
5. Promoting a more sustainable and circular critical raw materials economy (strong secondary market)

Question 18

The Commission sets out
the European Wind Power
Action Plan

Answer 18

To achieve eu target of 42.5% of energy to be renewable by 2030

6 main areas:
1. Faster deployment
2. Improved auction design
3. Access to finance
4. Fair and competitive international environment
5. Develop skilled workforce
6. Close work with industry and MS

Question 19

Pact for Skills expands
to 1 000 members

Answer 19

Under the pact, 15 large scale partnerships are launched across a wide range of sectors. Together, these sectors have pledged to reskill or upskill more than 6 million workers in the EU

4 key principles – Charter
– promote culture or lifelong learning
– build strong skills partnerships
– monitor skill supply/demand – anticipate skills needs
– work against discrimination, and for gender equality and equal opportunities

–Networking Hub
–Knowledge hub
–Guidance Hub

EU skills leader badge as part of year of skills 2023 for use by members of pact

Question 20

The Commission Communication on decent
work worldwide

Answer 20

Reaffirms the EU’s commitment to decent work both at home and around the world, with the elimination of child and forced labour at its heart.

Question 21

2021–2030 strategy for
the rights of persons with
disabilities

Answer 21

30m people in the eu have a recognized disability

builds on previous 2010-2020 strategy;

Objective: all persons with disabillites:
– enjoy their human rights
– have equal opportunities
– able to decide where, how and with whom they live
– more freely in the EU regardless of support needs
– and no longer experience discrimination

number of actions and 7 flasgship initiatives
1. Accessible EU – knowledge base – info and good practices
2. European Disability Card: applicable all EU countries (By end of 2023) in fact adopted by Council 2024– also the European Disability Card
3. Guidance recommending improvements on independent living and inclusion in the community
4. Framework for social services of excellence (2024)
5. Package to improve labour market outcomes
6. Disabillity platform – bringing national authorities together
7. Renewed HR strategy

Question 22

new Agenda
for the Mediterranean. A
dedicated Economic and
Investment Plan

Answer 22

Humans resilience moves green.

4 sectors of coop, 12 flagship initiatives
(1) Human development & good governance;
(2) Resilience, prosperity & digital transition
(3) Migration & mobility
(4) Green transition: climate resilience, energy & env

for Southern Neighbourhood 12bn NDICI + Economic and investment plan 7bn mobilizing up to 30bn

Question 23

‘New European Bauhaus’
initiative

Answer 23

– engages people at grassroots level - focus on neighbourhoods; tools and guidance; tailor-made solutions; bridge between world of science and technology, art, culture;

3 core values
(1) sustainability
(2) aesthetics (beautiful) – quality of experience, style beyond functionality
(3) inclusion (together)– diversity, accessibility, affordability

in July 2024 – published NEB Investment Guidelines
2024: Announcement of NEB Facility (cross-cluster; HE WP 2025-2027; 120 million
- green transformation, social inclusion, local democracy; circular, circular built environment; funding, business models for built environment

Question 24

EU–UK Trade and
Cooperation Agreement

Answer 24

signed 30 Dec 2020; provisionally applied as of 1 Jan 2021
Framework for future UK-EU relationship, based on pillars
(1) Free Trade Agreement with ambitious cooperation on economic, social, environmental and fisheries issues
(2) close partnership for citizens’ security (new framework law enforcement, judicial cooperation in criminal and civil law matters)
(3) Overarching governance system

Does NOT cover foreign policy, external security and defence cooperation (therefore, e.g., no joint sanctions)
as part of TCA, agreed on new framework for joint management of fish stocks in EU, UK waters (annual consultations to set respective rights for shared fish stock)

= solid framework for cooperation & legal certainty ; institutional framework future agreements

Question 25

Commission presents a new counter-terrorism agenda (RAPP)

Answer 25

Agenda 2020: Anticipate, Prevent, Respond, Protect

Question 26

New consumer agenda

Answer 26

22 actions in 5 prio areas: 1. Green transition 2. Digital transition 3. Redress and enforcement of consumer rights (enforcement of consumer rights in fact is MS responsibility -- but EC to assist -- Consumer Protection Cooperation Network) 4. Vulnerable consumers 5. Consumer protection globally

Question 27

first Annual Report on the Rule of Law

Answer 27

since 2020 published; 4 Pillars - JACMI (1) Justice System (2) Anti-Corruption framework (3) Media pluralism (4) Institutional checks and balances consisting of Communication _ 27 country chapters and recommendations since 2022 with country recommendations since 2-24 with country chapters for 4 enlargement countries: Albania -- Montenegro -- North Macedonia -- Serbia 2024-2029: integrating single market dimension

Question 28

EU anti-racism action plan.

Answer 28

2020-2025 - EU legal framework -- comprehensive assessment (incl. Racial Equality Directive; and AI proposal) - Economy, employment, housing, healthcare - Extremism, hate speech - Fair policing and protection - Better data collection - Education and remembrance - Diversity in the European Commission (incl. first-ever dedicated survey to assess diversity of EC staff -- Diversity and inclusion office in the EC; diversity strategy traineeships

Question 29

EU vaccines strategy

Answer 29

2 Pillars: (1) Secure production (Advance Pruchase Agreements with vaccine producers via Emergency Support Instrument - 2.7bn -- was in place until Jan 2022) (2) Adapt EU rules -- accelerate development, authorisation, availability vaccines Objectives: (1) quality, safety, efficacy of vaccines; (2) timely access (but also global solidarity effort) (3) equitable and affordable access Key data: -- EU secured 4.2 bilion (Covid-19 vaccines) --end Aug 2023: total of 85% of adult pop vaccinated (at least once) --Aug 2023: more than 530m doses donated

Question 30

Circular Economy Action Plan

Answer 30

Objectives include: make sustainable products the norm in the EU; empower consumers and public buyers 35 actions in 7 sections 1. A sustainable product policy framework 2. Key product value chains 3. Less waste, more value 4. Make circularity work for people, regions and cities 5. Cross-cutting actions 6. Leading efforts at global level 7. Monitoring progress in 2023, revised the circular economy monitoring framework -- new indicators on a) material footprint and resource productivity; b) consumption footprint first CEAP was in 2015 containing 54 actions

Question 31

Strategic Dialogue on the Future of EU Agriculture

Answer 31

Launched in January 2024, the Strategic Dialogue on the future of EU agriculture Chair: Professor Peter Strohschneider

Question 32

Communication No place for hate: A Europe united against hatred

Answer 32

jointly adopted by the Commission and the High Representative Actions: - upgrade Code of conduct (agreed with major online platforms) - upgrade to Envoys of current Coordinators on (i) combating antisemitism and fostering Jewish life, (ii) combating anti-Muslim hatred; (iii) combating racism - enhance protection of places of worship (Increased budget via Internal Security Fund)

Question 33

EU and Japan conclude a landmark deal on cross-border data flows.

Answer 33

included in the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) in line with 'Data free flow with Trust' principle

Question 34

The Commission proposes BEFIT (‘Business in Europe: framework for income taxation’)

Answer 34

Building on the OECD/Inclusive Framework agreement on Pillar II -- common rules for computing the taxable results of group members which operate in the internal market method to calculate an aggregated tax base for the companies + permanent establishment of a BEFIT group + allocate the tax base base between different members of the BEFIT group 1) All members of same group (BEFIT group) calculate tax base in accordance with common set of rulesl; 2) the tax bases of all members of group are aggregated into single tax base 3) BEFIT team (member state authority representatives) 4) Each group member where multinational group is present is allocated percentage of aggregated tax base 5) Each MS can then adjust allocated tax base of group members mandatory for groups operatingin the EU with annual combined revenue > EUR 750 million; where holding of at least 75% ownership rights; smaller companies can opt in could reduce current tax compliance costs by up to 65% replaces proposals for Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) and Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCTB)

Question 35

The EU presents a European Economic Security Strategy

Answer 35

3 Pillars 1) Promote -- bolster SM 2) Protect - existing and new tools 3) Partner - with reliable partners; diversified and improved trade agreements; framework for assessing and adressing risks 4 risk categories 1) supply chains; 2) physical and cyber security of critical infrastructure; 3) technology security and technology leakage; 4) weaponisation of economic dependencies or economic coercion. Jan 2024 -- new proposals to reinforce the EU's economic security: -- screening of foreign investments (all MS to have screening mechanisms in place) -- more coordinated approach to dual-use exports -- understand potential risks associated with certain EU investments abroad --export controls --how to better support dual-use R&D

Question 36

comprehensive approach to mental health

Answer 36

put mental health on par with physical health; ensure new, cross-sectoral approach ; 20 flagship initiatives;1.2 bn financing 3 guiding principles: (1) prevention (2) access to high-quality, and affordable, healthcare and treatment (3) re-integration into society after recovery Actions include: -- Promote good mental health -- early prention and early detection; incl. European Code for Mental Health -- Training, capacity building -- Good mental health at work --Protect children and the young --Adress vulnerable groups --Lead by example 46% of Europeans experienced an emotional or psychosocial problem, such as feeling depressed or anxious, in the past twelve months.

Question 37

The Commission registers the 100th European Citizens’ Initiative

Answer 37

100th citizen's initiative ‘Connecting all European capitals and people through a high-speed train network’

Question 38

The Commission presents a Green Deal Industrial Plan

Answer 38

4 pillars: 1) A predictable and simplified regulatory environment (NZIA, 2) Faster access to funding 3) Enhancing skills 4) Open trade for resilient supply chains (exploration Critical Raw Materials Club)

Question 39

The Directive on the Resilience of Critical Entities enters into force

Answer 39

covers critical entities in a number of sectors, such as energy, transport, health, drinking water, waste water and space -- also some central public administrations MS required to have national strategy to enhance resilience of critical entities, carry out risk assessments at least every 4 years, identify critical entities that provide essential services ; must notify disruptive incidents also: rules for identiying critical entities of particular European sinificance (if provides essential services to 6 or more MS) The Critical Entities Resilience Group (CERG), is established by the Directive and facilitates cooperation among Member States and with the Commission. It allows for exchange of information and good practices There is also a Council Recommendation, focus on 3 prio areas: 1) Preparedness, (Stress tests, protective Security advisory missions) 2) Response, 3) International cooperation,

Question 40

Adoption of a new EU Global Health Strategy

Answer 40

replaces 2010 EU global health strategy; 3 priorities: 1) Deliver better health and wellbeing of people across the life course 2) Strengthen health systems and advance universal health coverage 3) Prevent and combat health threts, including pandemics, appying a One Health approach external dimension of the European Health Union & key component of Global Gateway in line with SDG3 - 'ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages" besides the strategy: EC is member of Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI) --- collaboration with G7+ (USA, Canada, UK, FR, DE, IT, Japan, Mexico)

Question 41

AI innovation package

Answer 41

-An amendment of the EuroHPC Regulation to set up AI Factories -A decision to establish an AI Office -An EU AI Start-Up and Innovation Communication ----Financial support from the Commission through Horizon Europe and the Digital Europe programme dedicated to generative AI (EUR 4 billion) ----development and deployment of Common European Data Spaces ----The ‘GenAI4EU' initiative - aims to support the development of novel use cases and emerging applications in Europe's 14 industrial ecosystems

Question 42

EU rules introducing a minimum 15 % taxation rate for multinational companies (Pillar 2)

Answer 42

Minimum corporate taxation is one of the two work streams agreed by members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/G20 Inclusive Framework, a forum of over 140 countries and jurisdictions who worked on the Two-Pillar Solution to address the tax challenges of the digital economy. The rules will apply to any large group, both domestic and international, with combined financial revenues of more than €750 million a year, that has presence in an EU Member State.

Question 43

The Member States agree on Bulgaria and Romania joining the Schengen area

Answer 43

On 1 January 2025, Romania and Bulgaria became full members of the Schengen Area after the checks on persons at the internal land borders were lifted. The internal air and sea border controls between Bulgaria and Romania and the countries of the Schengen area were already lifted since 31 March 2024.

Question 44

Law to improve the design of the EU’s electricity market.

Answer 44

AIM: To boost renewables, better protect consumers and enhance industrial competitiveness -The reform will accelerate the integration of renewable energy, enhance protection against market manipulation, and improve energy price stability to support EU industry competitiveness. -A new enforcement regime will strengthen the role of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) in cross-border investigations, targeting significant market-impact cases. -The reform will improve supervision of reporting parties, enhance data sharing, increase market transparency with an LNG price benchmark, and enforce compliance for non-EU companies.

Question 45

COP28 (Dubai, UAE)

Answer 45

COP28 - EU negotiators secure a historic global commitment to triple renewable energy and double energy-efficiency measures by 2030, and to transition away from fossil fuels, in the first Global Stocktake of the Paris Climate Agreement.

Question 46

The EU presents the EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence and the EU Maritime Security Strategy

Answer 46

EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence 1) Understanding space domain and space threats 2) Enhance resiliece and protection of space systems and services in the Union (Potential EU Space law; EU Space Information Sharing and Analysis Centre as of 2024 3) Responding to space threats 4) Enhance the use of space capabilities for security and defence 5) Partnering for responsible behaviours in outer space (space security dialogues with 3rd countries) EU Maritime Security Strategy (EUMSS) - Objectives: protect EU intersts at sea; protect natural resources; uphold international law; react promptly to growing threats; ensure skills - Actions 1) Step up activities at sea 2) Cooperate with partners 3) Enhance maritime domain situational awareness 4) Manage risks and threats 5) Boost capabilities 6) Educate and train

Question 47

gender equality strategy for 2020–2025

Answer 47

The key objectives are 1) ending gender-based violence; 2) challenging gender stereotypes; 3 closing gender gaps in the labour market; 4) achieving equal participation across different sectors of the economy; 5) addressing the gender pay and pension gaps; 6) closing the gender care gap and achieving gender balance in decision-making and in politics.

Question 48

Commission adopts a new growth plan for the Western Balkans

Answer 48

2023; 4 Pillars 1) Enhance economic integration within the EU's single market 2) Economic integration within the WB through the Common Regional Market 3) Accelerate fundamental reforms 4) Convergence through increased financial assistance -- Reform & Growth Facility = 6bn 2024-2027 (2 grants, 4 loans)

Question 49

The EU and New Zealand sign an ambitious free trade agreement.

Answer 49

bilaterial trade in good between EU-NZ: ca. 9bn in 2022; EU is New Zealand's third-biggest trading partner; through FTA trade could increase by 30% covers --Trade in goods-- removes duties -- Rules of origin --Customs and Trade Facilitation --Trade remedies -- Animal welfare - also digital trade

Question 50

The Commission proposes an EU action plan for the Central Mediterranean

Answer 50

20 actions to address challenges along Central Mediterranean route Core: Strengthened coop with partner countries and IOs: at least 580m for 2021-2023 under NDICI-Global 1. Launch Team Europe Initiative on Central Mediterranean Route 2. Enhance operational coordination of external action on migration 3. Strengthen capacities of Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya .... reinforce cooperation with EUBAM Libya and EUCAP Sahel Niger...

Question 51

The Commission makes additional proposals to fight high energy prices and ensure security of supply with a Market Correction Mechanism

Answer 51

Market correction mechanism (MCM) -- an instrument to limit prices in EU gas markets; would have been activated if prices at EU virtual trading points moved above certain levels, incl. above LNG import price; 31 Jan 2025 marks final day activation if: Gas prices at EU hubs exceeded €180/MWh for three consecutive working days. These prices were at least €35/MWh higher than the MCM reference price during the same period. was never activated, as market conditions never met thresholds originally applied to Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF) gas price only; was extended to other EU virtual trading points

Question 52

The EU adopts the firstever Youth Action Plan in the sphere of EU external action

Answer 52

Youth Action Plan (YAP) in EU externa action for 2022-2027; first ever policy framework for strategic partnership with young people around the world a) Partnership to engage b) Partnership to empower c) Partnership to connect

Question 53

The Commission proposes to establish Solidarity Lanes, essential corridors ensuring that Ukraine can export grain and other products and import the goods it needs

Answer 53

alternative logistics routes via rail, road and inland waterways; allowed UE export 76m tonnes of agricultural products helped export over 60m tonnes of non-agricultural products total value of trade via Solidarity lanes (since May 2022) : ca. 157bn (incl 50bn Ukrainian farmers, businesses) in total over 2bn mobilisied for solidarity lanes

Question 54

The Commission proposes the European Health Data Space

Answer 54

in 2024 political agreement on Commission proposal for European Health Data Space (EHDS); key pillar of strong EU Health Union; first common EU data space tp emerge from EU strategy for data -primary use of data: empower individuals to take control of health data; facilitate exchange of data (better digital access to personal health data) -foster genuine single market for electronic health record systems (free movement of data) -secondary use of data: consistent, trustworthy, efficient system for reusing health data for R&I etc. (strict rules)

Question 55

Russia sanctions

Answer 55

16th package of sanctions on Russia's war to date; facts on EU sanctions against RU: --over EUR 28bn of private assets frozen --sanctioned almost 2,400 individuals and entities --exclude Russian banks from the SWIFT system; sanctions cover 70% of the Rssian banking system's assets --suspend the EU's visa facilitation agreement with Russia; EU remains open to certain categories of RU visa applicants

Question 56

emergency macrofinancial assistance programme

Answer 56

pre-condition for MFA is respect for human rights, effective democratic mechanisms; etc. MFA programmes decided under EU OLP Beneficiaries: Albania; Bosnia-Herzeogvina; Kosovo; Montenegro; Macedonia Moldova; Ukraine; Georgia Tunisia, Egypt; Jordan, Tunisia april 2020 package 3bn to 10 enlargement & neighbourhood partners

Question 57

instrument for temporary Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE)

Answer 57

creation 2020 --- until Dec 2022; tangible expression of EU. solidarity; total of 98.4 bn to 19 member states; 2020: 31.5 million people, and 2.5 million firms covered by SURE 2021: 9 million people and over 900,000 firms covered by SURE in 2020 (15 MS) 2022: 350k people, 40k firms in 4 MS EC issued Social Bonds - Social Bond Framework

Question 58

reform of the EU’s economic governance framework

Answer 58

Stronger national ownership with medium-term plans Simpler rules taking account of different fiscal challenges Promoting reforms and investment Enhancing enforcement

Question 59

The Commission adopts five initiatives to strengthen the EU’s economic security

Answer 59

-Legislative proposal to strengthen foreign investment screening (All MSs have a system in place, minimum sectoral scope, extend screening to EU investors that are ultimately controlled by individuals or businesses in third countries) -Monitoring and assessment of outbound investment risks -More effective EU control of dual-use goods exports (White paper on improving the coordination of export controls on items with both civil and defence uses - such as advanced electronics, toxins, nuclear or missile technology – so that they are not used to undermine security and human rights) -Options to support research and development in technologies with dual-use potential -Enhance research security across the EU

Question 60

The co-legislators reach an agreement on the Commission’s proposal from February 2023 to reduce emissions from trucks, buses and trailers by 90 % by 2040

Answer 60

Agreement sets CO2 emissions reduction targets for heavy duty vehicles of 45% for 2030-2034, 65% for 2035-2039 and 90% as of 2040, compared to 2019 levels.

Question 61

The EU and Chile sign an Advanced Framework Agreement and an Interim Trade Agreement

Answer 61

The EU-Chile Interim Trade Agreement deepens the trade and investment relationship between the EU and Chile. It removes most the remaining trade tariffs on goods, facilitates increased trade in services, and makes it easier for small companies to do business. The ITA includes a new chapter on trade and sustainable development. The commitment to sustainable trade practices covers climate change, energy, the environment, raw materials, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable food systems. The agreement also includes social issues such as labour rights, gender equality, and responsible business conduct. While the ITA is now in force, the AFA will enter into force when all EU Member States have completed their respective ratification processes. The ITA will then cease to exist and will be replaced by the AFA.

Question 62

new rules for the energy performance of buildings

Answer 62

-around 40%of energy consumed in the EU is used in buildings; over 1/3 of the EU's energy-related GHG emissions come from buildings; +/- 80%of energy used in EU homes is for heating, cooling and hot water -The directive contributes to the objective of reducing GHG emissions by at least 60% in the building sector by 2030 compared to 2015, and achieving a decarbonised, zero-emission building stock by 2050. -The directive helps increase the rate of renovation in the EU, particularly for the worst-performing buildings in each country.

Question 63

ecodesign requirements for sustainable products

Answer 63

The ESPR aims to significantly improve the sustainability of products placed on the EU market by improving their circularity, energy performance, recyclability and durability.

Question 64

co-legislators agree on the Cyber Resilience Act

Answer 64

Cyber Resilience Act enhances cybersecurity standards of products that contain a digital component, requiring manufacturers and retailers to ensure cybersecurity throughout the lifecycle of their products.

Question 65

co-legislators reach an agreement on transparency rules for political advertising

Answer 65

These safeguards will equip courts to deal with abusive litigation, as well as deter potential claimants from engaging in such practices. Persons targeted by a SLAPP can request for their case to be dismissed early as manifestly unfounded. Additionally, claimants who have brought abusive court proceedings against public participation can be ordered to bear the cost of the proceedings and may also face penalties and other measures.

Question 66

Commission adopts a series of proposals to improve the experience ofpassengers and travellers

Answer 66

1. Stronger passenger rights (strengthen rights, add new rights on multi-modal journeys) 2. Protection of package travellers (regulates refunds, downpayments (max 25%), clearer information 3. Better multimodal travel information services and the creation of a common European mobility data space

Question 67

co-legislators reach an agreement on common rules for internal marketsi n renewable and natural gases and in hydrogen

Answer 67

The directive seeks to facilitate the penetration of renewable and low-carbon gases into the energy system, enabling a shift from natural gas, with a view to reaching the EU’s goal of climate neutrality in 2050. The Council and the Parliament agreed on the split between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) for hydrogen. Member states have the power to decide how to protect vulnerable customers from gas disconnections and to decide on how best to support them.

Question 68

Skills and Talent Mobility Package

Answer 68

The Skills and Talent Mobility Package is a comprehensive set of measures to attract, retain and maximise foreign talent. As part of European year of skills -EU Talent Pool to attract skilled workers ; pp voluntary for -Faster recognition of qualifications and skills -Facilitating the mobility of learners and staff involved in teaching and training - proposal for Council Recommendation ‘Europe on the Move’ (target of 15% of VET students benefiting from learning mobility by 2030, as well as a comprehensive policy framework to support the mobility of apprentices. )

Question 69

co-legislators reach an agreement on the law to curb methane emissions in the energy sector

Answer 69

The rules introduced by the regulation include -improved measurement, reporting and verification of energy sector methane emissions -an immediate reduction in emissions through mandatory leak detection and repair and a ban on venting and flaring practices, which involve the release of methane directly into the atmosphere -a methane transparency requirement on imports, collecting information on whether and how exporter countries/companies are measuring, reporting and abating methane emissions, with a view to establish a methane intensity profile of those entities The Commission and the U.S. launched the Global Methane Pledge (GMP) at COP26 in Glasgow 2021 to slash methane emissions by 30% by 2030.

Question 70

co-legislators reach an agreement on a landmark law to protect and restore nature

Answer 70

Restore at least 20% of the EU’s land and sea areas by 2030, and ultimately all ecosystems in need of restoration by 2050. -81% of habitats are in poor status -1/3 bee and butterfly species are in decline

Question 71

co-legislators reach an agreement on transparency rules for political advertising

Answer 71

Under these new rules, political adverts will need to be clearly labelled as such and must indicate who paid for them, how much, to which elections, referendum or regulatory process they are linked and whether they have been targeted. Targeting and amplification techniques will only be available for online political advertising based on personal data collected from the data subject and subject to consent, and the use of sensitive personal data will be banned. All online political ads will be available in an online ad repository. Sponsoring ads from outside the EU will be prohibited three months before elections.

Question 72

EU roadmap of priority measures to fight organised crime and drug-trafficking

Answer 72

The Roadmap sets out concrete and targeted actions to close the emerging gaps, with 17 actions in 4 priority areas: 1. A new European Ports Alliance to increase the resilience of ports against criminal infiltration by reinforcing the work of customs authorities, law enforcement, public and private actors in the ports across the EU. For example, through state-of-the-art scanning and equipment. 2. Dismantling high-risk criminal networks through facilitating financial and digital investigations, mapping the biggest criminal networks, reinforcing cooperation between specialised prosecutors and judges, and making use of the Schengen Information System (SIS) alerts. 3. Measures to prevent organised crime through exchange of best practices and guidance among Member States to prevent infiltration of these groups in the society and legal economy, prevent criminal groups to recruit youngsters and improve public safety and health, and to limit more effectively access to drug precursors. 4. Working with international partners to confront the global threat, including through reinforcing information exchange, joint operations on the main drug trafficking routes, and strengthening law enforcement and judicial cooperation with non-EU countries.

Question 73

The EU launches a Humanitarian Air Bridge to Gaza

Answer 73

Several flights to Egypt to bring lifesaving supplies to humanitarian organisations on the ground in Gaza.

Question 74

The Commission proposes measures to prevent microplastic pollution

Answer 74

In 2023, the European Commission adopted a REACH restriction on microplastics intentionally added to products and a proposal for a Regulation on preventing plastic pellet losses to the environment. In addition, the Commission presented a brochure to provide an overview of EU policies and initiatives to combat microplastic pollution, promote research and innovation, and ensure integrated monitoring of microplastics.

Question 75

The Istanbul Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violenceenters into force in respect of the European Union

Answer 75

On 1 October 2023, the Istanbul Convention entered into force for the European Union, which became the 38th party The Istanbul Convention, is a human rights treaty of the Council of Europe opposing violence against women and domestic violence which was opened for signature on 11 May 2011, in Istanbul, Turkey.

Question 76

The Commission formally closes the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism(CVM) for Bulgaria and Romania

Answer 76

A transitional measure to facilitate progress in the fields of judicial reform and anti-corruption, as well as on organised crime for Bulgaria.

Question 77

The EU and Kenya conclude negotiations for an ambitious Economic Partnership Agreement

Answer 77

The EU and Kenya concluded negotiations for an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) on 19 June 2023.

Question 78

New rules for more transparency and the effective enforcement of the principle of equal pay for women and men

Answer 78

Member States have three years to transpose the Directive into national law – by 7th June 2026. Key elements of the Directive on pay transparency: -Pay transparency for job-seekers -Right to information for employees -Reporting on gender pay gap -Joint pay assessment

Question 79

The Commission adopts a proposal for an Act in Support of Ammunition Production

Answer 79

The objective of ASAP is to support and accelerate the immediate ramp-up of production capacity of ammunition and missiles in the EU. It will therefore directly support producers of these defence products, as well as their supply chains.

Question 80

The Commission proposes stronger rules to fight corruption

Answer 80

I. Communication on the fight against corruption II. Stronger rules to fight corruption (a new Directive on combating corruption) III. Expanding the CFSP sanctions toolbox to cover serious acts of corruption

Question 81

The Commission launches the first call for companies to jointly buy gas through the EU Energy Platform

Answer 81

The EU Energy Platform has 3 objectives: -demand aggregation and joint purchasing of gas -most efficient use of existing infrastructure -international outreach

Question 82

Adoption of the State Aid Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework

Answer 82

To foster support measures in sectors which are key for the transition to a net-zero economy, in line with the Green Deal Industrial Plan (also in the context of Russia's invasion of Ukraine).

Question 83

President von der Leyen and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announce the Windsor Framework

Answer 83

This constitutes a comprehensive set of joint solutions aimed at addressing, in a definitive way, the practical challenges faced by citizens and businesses in Northern Ireland, thereby providing them with lasting certainty and predictability. The joint solutions cover, amongst other things new arrangements on customs, agri-food, medicines, VAT and excise, as well as specific instruments designed to ensure that the voices of the people of Northern Ireland are better heard on specific issues particularly relevant to the communities there. These new arrangements are underpinned by robust safeguards to ensure the integrity of the EU’s Single Market, to which Northern Ireland has a unique access.

Question 84

The Foreign Subsidies Regulation enters into force

Answer 84

the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (‘FSR’) started to apply. This new set of rules enables the Commission to address distortions caused by foreign subsidies allows the EU to ensure a level playing field for all companies operating in the Single Market, while remaining open to trade and investment. The European Commission is the sole enforcer of the FSR.

Question 85

The co-legislators reach an agreement on strengthening the emissions trading system and creating a Social Climate Fund

Answer 85

ETS agreement will reduce emissions from the EU ETS sectors by 62% by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. The speed of annual emission reductions will also increase, from 2.2% per year under the current system to 4.3% from 2024 to 2027 and 4.4% from 2028. ETS now also includes shopping emissions + new sepearate ETS for emissions from buildings and road transport.

Question 86

The co-legislators agree a new law on more sustainable and circular batteries

Answer 86

The new Batteries Regulation will ensure that, in the future, batteries have a low carbon footprint, use minimal harmful substances, need less raw materials from non-EU countries, and are collected, reused and recycled to a high degree in Europe.

Question 87

The G7 agrees a price cap on Russian oil

Answer 87

The international Price Cap Coalition (G7 + EU + Australia) has finalised its work on implementing an oil price cap on Russian seaborne crude oil. EU Member States in the Council have also just approved in parallel its implementation within the EU. The cap has been set at a maximum price of 60 USD per barrel for crude oil and is adjustable in the future in order to respond to market developments.

Question 88

EU-wide rules to reduce packaging and packaging waste

Answer 88

The new rules include:- -Restrictions on certain single-use plastics, such as pre-packed fruit and veg weighing less than 1.5 kg and individual portions of condiments, sauces, and sugar in hotels, bars and restaurants. -Minimising the weight and volume of packaging and avoiding unnecessary packaging. -2030 and 2040 targets for a minimum percentage of recycled content in packaging. -A requirement for take-away businesses to offer customers the option to bring their own containers at no extra cost. -Minimising substances of concern, including restrictions on packaging containing per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) if they exceed certain thresholds.

Question 89

co-legislators agree on the Commission’s proposal to increase carbon removal through land use, forestry and agriculture

Answer 89

EU forests absorb 10% of EU GhG emissions each year. Target 2030: -310Mt of CO2 equivalent removed.. also: National targets

Question 90

The Commission proposes an unprecedented stable, regular and predictable financial support package for Ukraine of up to €18 billion

Answer 90

See Ukraine Facility for 2024-2027

Question 91

The Commission invests €3 billion in innovative clean-technology projects to deliver on REPowerEU

Answer 91

(Call under Innovation Fund)

Question 92

The co-legislators adopt the Directive on adequate minimum wages

Answer 92

In all Member States, the Commission proposal aims at promoting collective bargaining on wages and improving the enforcement and monitoring of the minimum wage protection established in each country. In Member States with statutory minimum wages, the proposal also aims at -putting in place the conditions for statutory minimum wages to be set at adequate levels: clear and stable criteria for minimum wage setting, indicative reference values to guide the assessment of adequacy, regular and timely updates of minimum wages, and the establishment of consultative bodies to advise the competent authorities -limiting to a minimum the use of minimum wage variations and deductions -ensuring the effective involvement of social partners in statutory minimum wage setting and updating.

Question 93

‘Save gas for a safe winter’ proposal to prepare the EU for Russian supply cuts.

Answer 93

By August 2023, the EU had reached its new 90% gas storage target

Question 94

co-legislators agree on the Commission’s proposal to improve gender balance on company boards

Answer 94

The Directive sets a target for EU large listed companies of 40% of the underrepresented sex among their non-executive directors and 33% among all directors. The share of women in corporate boards is 34% on average in the EU. In 2024, women accounted for 39.6% of the board members of the largest listed companies in countries with binding gender quotas, compared to 33.8% in countries with soft measures, and just 17% in countries that have taken no action at all.

Question 95

A political agreement is reached on new rules on the cybersecurity of network and information systems,

Answer 95

The NIS2 Directive establishes a unified legal framework to uphold cybersecurity in 18 critical sectors across the EU. The directive sets up a network of Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs).

Question 96

European skills agenda 2020-2025

Answer 96

-- strengthen sustainable competitiveness -- ensure social fairness -- build resilience 12 actions in 4 building blocks 1) Join forces in collective action: --A Pact for skills 2) Right skills for jobs -- skills intelligence -- eu support - strategic national upskilling action -- proposal for council recommendation on VET -- European Universities Initiative -- skills -- support twin transitions -- increase stem graduates -- skills for life 3) Support people in their lifelong learning paths -- Initiative on Individual learning accounts -- a European approach to micro-credentials -- new Europass platform 4) unlock investments in skills -- improve enabling Framework -- unlock Ms and and private investments