Strangles Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

Infectious agent

A
  • streptococcus equi equi
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2
Q

Is strangles contagious?

A
  • yes
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3
Q

How many infected horses remain in a carrier state?

A
  • 10%
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4
Q

Transmission

A
  • fomites
  • contact
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5
Q

Common clinical manifestations

A
  • sudden pyrexia
  • mucopurulent nasal discharge
  • retropharyngeal & submandibular LN abscessation
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6
Q

How long pre-shedding do affected horses become pyrexic?

A
  • 48h
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7
Q

CS of pharyngitis

A
  • nasal discharge
  • dysphagia
  • cough
  • laryngeal-associated pain
  • extended head
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8
Q

When does LN abscessation occur?

A
  • 3-14d after infection
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9
Q

Where do the RPLNs commonly rupture into and what does this cause?

A
  • GPs
  • GP empyema
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10
Q

What are the common complications of strangles?

A
  • GP empyema
  • pneumonia
  • distant abscesses
  • dyspnoea
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11
Q

Diagnostic testing in the acute disease

A

Hx
- onset
- management
- exposure
- travel
- new horses?

CS
- variable
- non-specific
- but vital

Endoscopy, US, radiography

Pathogen identification

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12
Q

Pathogen identification

A

Culture
- 34-45% sensitivity

qPCR of nasopharyngeal lavage optimal
- following by NP swabbing and then nasal swabbing

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13
Q

Diagnostic testing - persistent infection

A

Culture
- 34-45% sensitivity

qPCR of endoscopic GP lavage
- 3x 7d apart = best
- important for carrier state diagnosis

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14
Q

Serology

A

SeM-based ELISA
- some cross-reactivity with similar protein to strep equi zooepidemicus, causing a moderately high rate of false positives

Dual-target ELISA to ID exposed
- optimal
- identify exposed animals for GP lavage PCR testing

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15
Q

When after an outbreak should you look for carrier animals?

A
  • 3-4w after the last case
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16
Q

Tx

A
  • NSAIDs
    – to manage pyrexia, pain and inflammation
  • soft, palatable, calorific diet
  • abscess management (hot packing, sx drainage & lavage)
    – don’t want to lane the abscess too early (before it has fully matured) as can get incomplete drainage
  • isolation
  • nursing care
17
Q

Tx of complications

A

GP lavage
- coiled or foley catheter
- can leave indwelling Foley catheter and lavage the GP regularly 1-2x daily with sterile saline
- need to lavage the pouches until the abscesses have stopped draining into the pouches and the pouches are clear of pus

Antibiotics

Abscess drainage & lavage

Other tx according to type of complication

18
Q

Antibiotic usage

A

Between initial exposure, before abscessation?
- don’t have enough evidence to confirm AB use in this time will prevent LN abscessation

Persistent infection
- benzylpenicillin reverse thermodynamic gel

Horses with severe dyspnoea
- ABs will decrease the size of the abscesses and help with the swelling of associated structures

Dysphagia or persistent fever
- indicated for these