Stress Flashcards
(37 cards)
Stress
is commonly defined as the body’s responses to the demands placed upon it
Stress factor
Anything that causes stress is known
Cumulative stress
every day with accumulate stress
Different type of stress
- positive
- negative
homeostasis
The body constantly strives to maintain physiological equilibrium in spite of varying external conditions and it contains numerous mechanisms to keep the status quo
stress in life
it is required and can be benificial, but high stress level is associated with unpleasant psychological and physiological responses such as: • Sweating. • Dry mouth. • Difficulty in breathing. • Increased heart rate. • Anxiety/apprehension. • Fatigue. • Fear.
The Stress Model
Stress arises from the evaluation individuals make of the demands which they perceive to be placed upon them and the ability they perceive they have to cope
Arousal
the measure of the human being’s readiness to respond
Low Arousal
Performance is low.
the attentional mechanism is not very active, processing of sensory information is slow and the nervous system is not fully functioning. The individual will have a slow envi scan and may miss information.
optimal arousal level
best performance, best response
breaking point
it is between the Optimal and High Arousal, it is the point where the performance start to drop coz too much stress
High arousal
levels our performance starts to deteriorate, errors are made and information may be missed. We will suffer from a narrowing of attention as we tend to focus on a limited source of data.
General Adoption System
the mechanism by which the individual reacts to an outside real, perceived or anticipated threat divide in - ALARM reaction - Resistance - Exhaustion
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
is the trigged of GAS mechanism and it is divided in:
• The Sympathetic branch.
• The Parasympathetic branch.
Sympathetic Branch
FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE and its purpose is to prepare the body and mind for immediate physical activity.
Parasympathetic branch
prolongs the body’s mobilisation, to give it time to find a solution to the stressful situation, and restores the body to normal functioning when the perceived danger has passed.
Alarm Reaction
he alarm phase, the brain will start a reaction - depending on past experience - to the
stimulus. it produce Adrenaline that increase the speed reaction, brain capacity…. Sympathetic
Resistance
Parasympathetic system takes over and prolong the mobilization of the body’s resources to give time to find a solution. A different stress hormone CORTISOL is released which assists the body to quickly convert fats to sugar to maintain the supply of energy to the muscles
Exhaustion
Occurs over a variable period and will normally affect only specific parts of the body. With rest,
this exhaustion stage is temporary but, if allowed to continue without respite, it can result in death as the defence mechanism completely shuts down. need to eliminate adrenale and cortisol
Three Reactions of GAS
• Psychological Reaction:
where the brain registers fear, alarm or crisis.
• Psychosomatic Reaction:
during which the brain triggers the release of hormones, adrenaline and sugars into the blood.
• Somatic Reaction:
the responses of the various organs of the body to the hormonal and chemical releases.
Category of stress factor
Physiological Cognitive Non professional Imaginary Organizational
Physiological
Internal (hunger, fatigue, thirsty)
External(Noise, temperature, vibration)
External stress factor
- heat and cold normal is 20% below 15, over 30 start to have “problem”
- Noise: too much noise, above 90 db will disrupt perf:
- disrupted concentration
- degradation of info been recieved
- increase n° of crew error - vibration, any vibration create fatigue resonance of 30/40 Hz interfere with human response
- low humidity
- extreme body T
- rise above 41 ° (43 death(
- drop below 35° ipotermia - cosmic radiation
Internal Physiological factor
Pain Thirst Fatigue Lack of sleep Hunger