Stress and Adaptation Objectives

Question 1

What is a Distress stressor? and an example.

Answer 1

can threaten health

EX. Continual finical worries

Question 2

What is a Eustress stressor? and an example.

Answer 2

the good stress

EX. a passionate kiss – a passionate kiss can produce as strong a stress response as a slap in the face

Question 3

What could be some examples of an external stressor?

Answer 3

death in the family
hurricane
room temperature

Question 4

What could be some examples of internal stressors?

Answer 4

disease
anxiety
Nervous anticipation of an event
Negative self talk

Question 5

What is a Developmental stressor? and an example.

Answer 5

Associated with the life stages

EX. college graduation

Question 6

What is a situational stressor? and an example.

Answer 6

Random, unpredictable meaning it can affect and life stage equally
EX. hurricane or accident

Question 7

What is a time stressor? and an example.

Answer 7

unable to meet demands

EX. Multiple demands, rushing

Question 8

What is a Anticipatory stressor? and an example.

Answer 8

concern about the future situations but can also be undefined, such as a vague sense of concern about the future or a feeling that something will go wrong.
EX. upcoming exam

Question 9

What is a Psychological stressor? and an example.

Answer 9

Arise from a life event

EX. work pressure, relationship/family arguments, living situations

Question 10

What is a Physiological stressor? and an example.

Answer 10

things that affect the body structure or function

EX. Medications, environmental toxins, viruses, genetic problems, obesity, etc

Question 11

What are the three general approaches for coping

Answer 11

Alter: remove or change the stressor like changing jobs

Adapt: changing one’s thoughts or behaviors related to the stressor.

Avoid: Ignoring the stressor all together (ending a relationship)

Question 12

What are some personal factors that influence adaptation

Answer 12

Personal perception of stressor 
Overall health status 
support system 
hardiness 
personal factors

Question 13

What questions may you need to ask yourself about personal perception of stressor to understand if it is affecting your adaptation?

Answer 13

is understanding the stressor realistic

how successful have previous adaptation attempts been

Question 14

how could the “overall health status influence adaptation ?

Answer 14

the number of illnesses present and the chronicity of illnesses may affect the ability to adapt to new stressors

Question 15

How does a “support system” influence adaptation?

Answer 15

strong support = better adaptation

Question 16

How does hardiness influence adaptation ?

Answer 16

the ability to thrive despite overwhelming stressors

Question 17

What are some personal factors that influence adaptation?

Answer 17

age
developmental level
life experiences

Question 18

What is Selyes’s General adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Answer 18

nonspecific bodily responses shared by all people

response to distress and eustress

Question 19

What is the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) ? and what does it involve for the body?

Answer 19

Alarm reaction (fight or flight) - involves involuntary body responses

Question 20

In the Alarm reaction stage of General Adaptation Syndrome what is stimulated? and Where does it cause the increase of hormone release ?

Answer 20

Simulation of sympathetic nervous system 
Increased release from :
Hypothalamus 
posterior pituitary 
anterior pituitary 
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla

Question 21

What is the second stage of General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 21

Resistance

Question 22

What is balanced in the Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome ?

Answer 22

Parasympathetic activity balances sympathetic activity

hormone levels return to normal

Question 23

What are the two possibilities for the third stage of general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 23

recovery or exhaustion

Question 24

What is the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome

Answer 24

alarm reaction reoccurs or continues until the energy is depleted. The person cannot adapt and subsequently dies.

Question 25

What is Local adaptation syndrome? (LAS)

Answer 25

response to stress involving specific body part, tissue, or organ it is a short term attempt to restore homeostasis

Question 26

What are the two types of Local adaptation syndrome (LAS) ?

Answer 26

Reflex pain response | Inflammatory response

Question 27

What is the Vascular response of the local adaptation syndrome?

Answer 27

Immediately after injury, blood vessels at the site constrict (narrow) to control bleeding

Question 28

What is the cellular response of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)

Answer 28

Specialized white blood cells (phagocytes) migrate to the site of injury and engulf bacteria, other foreign material, and damaged cells and destroy them. Sometimes they form a “wall” around an invading pathogen. Can include pus

Question 29

What is the exudate formation of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)?

Answer 29

The fluid and white blood cells that move from the circulation to the site of injury

Question 30

What is the "healing" of the local adaptation syndrome (LAS)?

Answer 30

the replacement of tissue by regeneration or repair.

Question 31

Psychological responses to stress include...

Answer 31

feelings, thoughts and behaviors

Question 32

These are examples of what? Difficulty concentrating Poor judgment Decrease in accuracy (e.g., in counting money) Forgetfulness Decreased problem-solving ability Decreased attention to detail Difficulty learning Narrowing of focus Preoccupation, daydreaming

Answer 32

cognitive responses to psychological stress

Question 33

These are examples of what? Adjustment disorders Anger Anxiety Depression Fear Feelings of inadequacy Low self-esteem Irritability Lack of motivation Lethargy

Answer 33

emotional responses to psychological stress

Question 34

These are examples of what? Academic difficulties Aggressiveness Crying, emotional outbursts Dependence Nightmares Poor job performance Substance use and abuse Altered sleeping (too little or too much) Change in eating habits (e.g., loss of appetite, overeating) Decrease in quality of job performance Preoccupation (i.e., daydreaming) I Illnesses Increased absenteeism from work or school Increased number of accidents Strained family or social relationships Avoiding social situations or relationships Rebellion, acting out

Answer 34

responses to psychological stress

Question 35

What are some nursing interventions for Health promotion?

Answer 35

Nutrition Exercise (intense activity for at least 150 minutes per week) Sleep and rest - promote around 7-8 hrs ensure they are free of pain to sleep Leisure activities - activities that bring joy Time management - teach the client how to delegate responsibility set boundaries with time and how to say no Avoid maladaptive behaviors - avoid unhealthy behaviors like excessive caffeine, substance use

Question 36

These are examples of what? Exercise Relaxation Meditation Visualization and imagery Biofeedback Acupuncture Chiropractor Reiki and therapeutic touch reflexology humor music/art activities dance/sports journaling

Answer 36

stress management techniques

Question 37

what is biofeedback `

Answer 37

use electronic instruments to measure neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system activity and provide information about those responses to the person. The immediate feedback helps the person become aware of and learn how to voluntarily control certain physiological responses, such as those produced by stress.

Question 38

what is reiki/therapeutic touch ?

Answer 38

These touch therapies are focused on energy modulation. Healing energy is channeled through a practitioner’s hands to improve well-being.

Question 39

the application of pressure to specific points on the feet, hands, or ears; these points are thought to correspond with certain organs of the body. The goal is to relieve blockage, promote the flow of energy, and reduce tension------- Is what?

Answer 39

Reflexology

Question 40

What is cognitive restructuring for the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

Answer 40

you help the client recognize their negative focus and to restructure their thinking in a more positive and realistic way

Question 41

How does "Identifying positive aspects of self and coping abilities help the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

Answer 41

promotes self-esteem and helps clients to recognize and use the resources they have for coping with their stressors.

Question 42

How does self-affirmation help the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

Answer 42

improves problem-solving under stress

Question 43

How does positive self talk help the nursing intervention changing perception of stressors or self

Answer 43

another method for increasing self-esteem

Question 44

What are some nursing interventions you can do for the client to improve and identify support system

Answer 44

You can act as a support system just by listening and encouraging assist the client in recognizing the support system they do have possibly encourage community groups

Question 45

How can you reduce hospital stress

Answer 45

promote patient centered-care involve family and patients actively in their care (huge in pediatrics and OB) teach patients what to expect

Question 46

How can you offer spiritual support ?

Answer 46

church groups pray for or with the client if you are comfortable doing so Chaplain service