Stridor, Cough, Noisy Breathing Flashcards Preview

Adult/Ped Med 3 > Stridor, Cough, Noisy Breathing > Flashcards

Flashcards in Stridor, Cough, Noisy Breathing Deck (26)
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1
Q

What is stridor?

A

a term used to describe noisy breathing, in general, and to revere specifically to a high pitched crowing sound associated with croup, resp infection, and airway obstruction

2
Q

inspiratory stridor

A

typically caused by obstruction or above the level of the vocal cords UPPER AIRWAY

3
Q

expriratory stridor

A

usually localized to the more distal tracheobronchial tree.

4
Q

biphasic stridor

A

usually AT VOCAL CORDS

5
Q

child presents with stridor, cough, agitiation, hunger for air, severe retractions, cyanosis

A

extra thoracic airway obstruction.

6
Q

Croup is…

A

acute layrngotracheobronchitis

7
Q

Describe croup

A

inflammation of upper airway is present, but edema of the subglottic space accounts for the predominant signs of airway obstruction

8
Q

When is croup most common? with who? what ages?

A

fall and winter, 6 mos to 3 years, boys more than girls

9
Q

What organism is known for calling croup

A

parainfluenza types 1,2,3

10
Q

What type of organism could cause life threatening croup?

A

bacterial–they look really sick. toxic, distressed appearance.

11
Q

child had URI symptoms for several days, and then presents with seal bark cough, and inspiratory stridor.

A

croup. they are typically in MILD-to severe respiratory distress.

12
Q

What is another type of croup?

A

spasmodic croup (no URI, viral symptoms) occurs for several nights in a row.

13
Q

What is the diagnosis for croup?

A

physical and history. HOWEVER, you can get a xray and see the “steeple sign”.

14
Q

How should you treat croup?

A

depends on severity of symptoms.
mild= oral hydration and minimal handling.
mod/severe= humidified cool air, IM corticosteroids, inhaled racemic epinephrine, loosening of secretions, decrease airway irritation and anxiety.

15
Q

What does giving corticosteroids orally do?

A

decrease airway inflammation

16
Q

What are the complications of croup?

A

viral pneumonia and bacterial tracheitis. Bac trach is VERY SERIOUS is you gave someone drugs for croup and they look way worse, then LIFE THREATENING…INTUBATION, ICU.

17
Q

epiglottis

A

true medical emergency. inflammation of the epiglottis adjacent structures. incidence has dramatically decreased since HIB vaccine, protects agaisnt the h.influenzae agent.

18
Q

when do most cases of epiglottis occur?

A

kids age 1-5. boys > girls.

19
Q

what is the presentation of epiglottis?

A

rapid onset with fever.
tripoding position
drooling, respiratory distress, dysphagia

20
Q

what is the classic sign seen with epiglottis?

A

thumb sign. lateral xray view needed.

21
Q

what causes pertussis?

A

bordatella pertussis, there is a vaccine for this.

22
Q

what are the 3 phases for pertussis?

A
  1. catarrhal : 1-3 weeks…coryza symptoms
  2. paraoxysmal cough: 2-4 weeks…10-30 staccato coughs
  3. convalescent: 4-12 weeks…bronchitic cough

known as the hundred day cough.

23
Q

how do you treat pertussis?

A

erythormycin is DOC
corticosteroids may reduce severity

very poor prognosis if child is under 1 year. death occurs most often in this age group.

24
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

inflammation of the bronchioles. most common serious acute respiratory illness in infants and young children.
CAUSED BY RSV

25
Q

how does bronchiolitis present?

A

1-2 days cough, fever, rhinorrhea followed by TACHYPNEA (>50-60 bpm), TACHYCARDIA, chest retraction and prolonged expiratory phase.

26
Q

what is bronchiolitis treatment?

A

supportive measure. abx not recommended.
hospitlize if <6 months, moderate to marked resp distress, hypoxemia, apnea, inability to tolerate oral feeding, appropriate home, high risk.