Stroke Flashcards
What is a stroke?
A stroke is a problem with the nerve, spinal cord or brain function and occurs due to the interruption of blood supply the brain.
What are the two different types of stroke?
which is more common?
The two different types of stroke are ischaemic and haemorrhagic.
Ischaemic is more common.
What are the signs and symptoms of stroke?
Facial weakness Arm/leg weakness Speech problems Visual defects Loss of consciousness Headache
What are the modifiable risk factors that lead to stroke?
8 risk factors
HT Smoking Atrial fibrillation Hyperlipidaemia Diabetes Diet, alcohol intake and excerise Stress/ Depression High waist to hip ratio.
What are the non modifiable risk factors leading to stroke?
6 risk factors
Age Ethnicity Ischaemic Heart Disease Genetics Gender Sickle cell disease
What causes the two types of ischaemic strokes?
They can be thrombotic and embolic.
What causes thrombotic ischaemic stroke?
These are a result of atherosclerotic plaques which form blood clots blocking blood vessels causing brain infraction.
What causes embolic ischaemic stroke?
Embolic ischaemic stroke is caused when clots from else where in the body travel through the circulatory system. Mainly caused by atrial fibrillation.
What neurochemical events occur in brain tissue affected by a ischaemic stroke?
Energy depletion Release of glutamate Calcium channel dysfunction Free radical release Membrane disruption Inflammatory changes
How can brain tissue at risk of death be saved?
The brain tissue can be saved by restoring blood supply.
What is a TIA?
And what causes this?
TIA is a transient ischaemic attack.
This is caused by temporary disruption of blood supply to the brain leading to ischaemia from lack of oxygen supply.
What is the different between a normal Stoke and TIA?
The difference is the duration they are experienced for from a few minutes to hours and can be resolved within 24hrs.
What are the two types of haemorrhagic stroke?
The two types of haemorrhagic stroke are intracerebral and subarachnoid.
What causes haemorrhagic stroke?
This stroke variation due to a rupture of blood vessels and cause a compression of brain tissue resulting in brain tissue injury.
What causes intracerebral haemorrhage?
This is caused by rupturing of small vessels in the brain caused by blood vessel damage.
