Stroke

Question 0

What is extrinsic changes to the blood vessel

Answer 0

When it embolism travels to from the heart or carotid artery

Question 1

What are intrinsic changes in the blood vessel.

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis, inflammation, arterial dissection, dilation of the vessel, weakening of the vessel, obstruction of the vessel

Question 2

Total cessation of blood flow produces irreversible brain infarction within how many minutes

Answer 2

3 minutes.

Question 3

What are some complications of stroke include

Answer 3

Unstable blood pressure, sensory and motor impairments, infection (encephalitis), pneumonia, contractures, and pulmonary emboli.

Question 4

What are the primary causes of stroke

Answer 4

Thrombosis embolism and hemorrhage

Question 5

What is the most common cause of the stroke

Answer 5

Cerebral thrombosis ( blood clot obstructing a cerebral vessel)

Question 6

What are the most common blood vessels involved in a stroke

Answer 6

The carotid arteries of the neck and the arteries in the vertebrobasilar system at the base of the brain near the circle of Willis

Question 7

What are TIAs

Answer 7

Transient ischemic attacks which are temporary episodes ( 10 to 30 minutes) of poor cerebral perfusion caused by partial occlusion of the arterial lumen

Question 8

What is a stroke in evolution

Answer 8

Thrombotic stroke that causes a slow evolution of symptoms over several hours

Question 9

What risk factors thought to cause blood vessel changes that cause vessel walls to be more susceptible to rupture and hemorrhage

Answer 9

Elevated low-density lipoprotein and lowered high-density lipoprotein levels, cigarette smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle

Question 10

Hemorrhage stroke results from what.

Answer 10

Hypertension rupture of an aneurysm arteriovenous malformations and or bleeding disorder

Question 11

Stroke affects which gender more

Answer 11

Men slightly more often than women

Question 12

Which race has a 2.5 times higher rate of stroke because of the higher incidence of hypertension among this race

Answer 12

African-Americans

Question 13

What is the inability to recognize familiar objects or persons through sensory stimuli

Answer 13

Agnosia

Question 14

What are speech difficulties such as an inability to understand language or express language called

Answer 14

Aphasia

Question 15

What is a medical term for poorly articulated speech

Answer 15

Dysarthria

Question 16

A form of speech impairment is called what

Answer 16

Dysphasia

Question 17

When a patient loses the ability to comprehend written words is called what

Answer 17

Alexia

Question 18

What a patient has lost the ability to read written words

Answer 18

Dyslexia

Question 19

When a patient has lost the ability to write

Answer 19

Agraphia

Question 20

What is the medical term for blindness in the right or left halves of the visual fields of both eyes

Answer 20

Homonymous hemianopia

Question 21

Drooping of the eyelids

Answer 21

Ptosis

Question 22

What are the signs and symptoms of a posterior cerebral artery stroke

Answer 22

Visual field deficits, sensory impairments; reading difficulty dyslexia; cortical blindness resulting from ischemia in the occipital area; paralysis rarely

Question 23

What are the signs and symptoms of a vertebral or Basilar artery stroke

Answer 23

Numbness around the lips and mouth; dizziness; weakness of the affected side; vision deficits such as colorblindness; lack of depth perception; diplopia; poor coordination; dysphagia; slurred speech; amnesia; staggering gait (ataxia)

Question 24

What are the signs and symptoms of an internal carotid artery stroke

Answer 24

Headache; weakness; paralysis; numbness; sensory changes; vision disturbances blurring in the affected side or blindness; altered level of consciousness; bruits over the carotid artery; aphasia; dysphasia; ptosis.

Question 25

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke coming from the middle cerebral artery

Answer 25

Aphasia, dysphasia, dyslexia, visual field deficits; hemiparesis on the affected side more severe in the face and arm then in the legs

Question 26

What is the medical term for the inability to move the muscles

Answer 26

Akinesia

Question 27

What is the medical term for the inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects

Answer 27

Apraxia

Question 28

What is the medical term for poor coordination, impairment of voluntary movement

Answer 28

Dyskinesia

Question 29

Muscular weakness or partial paralysis affecting one side of the body

Answer 29

Hemiparesis

Question 30

And left hemisphere stroke there's likely to be what signs and symptoms

Answer 30

Loss of language ability all the memory maybe intact

Question 31

In right hemisphere stroke patients are often what

Answer 31

Confused and disoriented but the ability to speak remains

Question 32

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator can improve outcome for some patients with acute non-hemorrhagic ischemic stroke if it is given within how many hours of the onset of symptoms

Answer 32

3 hours

Question 33

Why would you want to strengthen the unaffected side of the stroke patient

Answer 33

It assists the patient in compensating for the losses of the opposite hemisphere

Question 34

What are some contraindications to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

Answer 34

Duration of stroke for more than three hours, recent surgery, head injury or gastrointestinal/urinary hemorrhage, seizure at stroke onset, bleeding disorder, and hypertension

Question 35

What is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

Answer 35

It's a thrombolytic. It activates the fibrinolytic system by directly cleaving the bonds in plasminogen producing plasmin; increases perfusion to ischemic areas.

Question 36

Why do you want to elevate the head of the bed to 30° in a stroke patient

Answer 36

To maintain a patent airway and promote Pulmonary drainage and limit upper airway obstruction

Question 37

What would you put on the patient to promote venous return and to help prevent phlebitis

Answer 37

Use compression boots

Question 38

To Prevent aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients what are some independent interventions the nurse would do

Answer 38

Assess their ability to handle solids and liquids, keep a suction machine nearby while feeding the patient. Patient has difficulty with liquids use thicken fluids.