Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PRPS Block 2 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Strokes affect 1 in _ men and 1 in _ women?

A

1 in 5 men

1 in 6 women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe an ischaemic stroke?

A

Blood clot blocks an artery which carries blood to the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 ways clots can be formed to cause an ischaemic stroke?

A

Atherosclerosis gradually blocking arteries
or
embolus becoming lodged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What % of strokes are ischaemic?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which category of stroke do TIA’s fall into -ischaemic or haemorrhagic?

A

Ischaemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in or around brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes tissue damage in haemorrhagic stroke?

A
  • Lack of nutrients to tissue

- compression of surrounding brain by leaked blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes tissue damage in ischaemic stroke?

A

lack of oxygen and nutrients to tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of strokes are haemorrhagic?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which stroke has greater mortality?

A

Haemorrhagic - 40% of all deaths despite only making up 15% of strokes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cause of ischaemic stroke is more common - atherosclerosis or embolism?

A

atherosclerosis - 50% ischaemic strokes

embolism - 20%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common cause of embolic stroke?

A

AF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of haemorrhage causes bleeding within the brain?

A

primary intracerebral haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of haemorrhage causes bleeding on the surface the brain?

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common cause of blood vessel rupture which causes the stroke?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 main areas of primary prevention of a stroke?

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Dyslipidaemia
Cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the limit defined for hypertension ?

A

> 140/90 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for reducing stroke?

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What risk does smoking bring to stroke?

A

Smokers have double the risk to non-smokers and heavy smokers (>40/day) have double the risk of light smokers (<10/day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What marker for dyslipidaemia is measured in preventing stroke?

A

LDL:HDL ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What risk of stroke does AF carry?

A

Increased risk 5-fold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 4 key lifestyle interventions for preventing stroke?

A

Healthy diet
Regular exercise
Weight management
Alcohol intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List some common symptoms of a stroke?

A
  • facial palsy and drooping
  • numbness, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.
  • sudden blurred vision or loss of sight in 1/both eyes.
  • sudden memory loss or confusion.
  • dizziness or a sudden fall
  • severe headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a key marker of a TIA compared to a stroke?

A

Symptoms resolve in 24h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is FAST for strokes and what does it mean?
Face - can they smile, any drooping? Arm - can they raise both arms and keep them up? Speech - can they speak clearly? Time - any of three signs - call 999.
26
What system is used to assess patients with a stroke presentation?
ABCD2
27
In the ABCD2 scoring system - what does A mean?
Age >60 = 1 <60 = 0
28
In the ABCD2 scoring system - what does B mean?
BP | 140 systolic or >90 diastolic
29
In the ABCD2 scoring system - what does C mean?
unilateral weakness = 2 speech disturbance = 1 other = 0
30
In the ABCD2 scoring system - what does the first D mean?
Duration >60mins = 2 10-59 mins = 1 <10mins = 0
31
In the ABCD2 scoring system - what does the second D mean?
diabetes = 1
32
What patients should have brain imagine within 1 hour?
- severe headache at symptom onset - on anticoagulant, bleeding tendency or need thrombolysis. - reduced consciousness or fluctuating symptoms
33
What investigations should be done in someone with a stroke?
- bloods - FBC, LFT, ESR, U&E's - ECG and BP - Assess impairment and swallowing - blood glucose + oxygen saturation - routine observations, hydration and nutrition - carotid imagine or echo
34
Thrombolysis can be offered to patients who have 3 characteristics?
- confirmed time of onset of symptoms <4.5h - Had imaging to confirm ischaemic stroke - no known C/I to thrombolysis
35
What is the only drug licensed for thrombolysis?
alteplase
36
What is the dose of alteplase in thrombolysis?
0.9mg/kg (max 900mg dose)
37
How is alteplase given?
10% iv bolus 90% IV infusion
38
What does BP need to be for thrombolysis?
<180/110
39
How should aspirin be used in acute stroke?
Give 300mg immediately after excluding haemorrhagic stroke - if thrombolysis is done - wait 24h before aspirin.
40
When should DAPT be given?
Evidence shows benefit if started within 24h - then continue for 10-21d then stop aspiring and continue clopidogrel.
41
4 areas of 2nd prevention for strokes?
Antiplatelets Anticoagulants Antihypertensives Statins
42
when is the stroke risk greatest for stroke survivors?
in the next 30days post stroke.
43
Should statins be given in haemorrhagic stroke?
No - increase the risk of haemorrhagic stroke.
44
What is the alternative if clopidogrel is not tolerated?
Aspirin 75mg o + Dipyridamole MR 200mg BD
45
When should patient be started on anticoagulant therapy if indicated?
14 days after stroke onset.
46
What is the target INR for patients on warfarin post stroke?
2-3
47
Define the CHAsDSVASc score criteria?
``` CHF HTN Age >75 (2) Diabetes Stroke/TIA previously Vascular disease Age 65-74 Sex - female ```
48
Define the HAS-BLED score criteria?
``` HTN - untreated - sys >160 Abnormal renal/hep function Stroke history Bleeding risk Labile INR Elderly >65 Drugs which predispose bleeding or alcohol excess. ```
49
What is 1st line antihypertensive for patients aged >55?
CCB - amlodipine etc.
50
What is 1st line antihypertensive for patients <55 or afro-carribean?
ACE-I - higher renin level.
51
What is target BP post stroke?
<130/80 ideally.
52
What is the preferred statin for secondary prevention and when should it be started?
Atorva 80mg o wait 48h
53
In what 3 categories is the risk:benefit ratio poorer for carotid endarterectomy surgery?
- younger patient - longer from onset of symptoms - less severe stenosis at the heart.
54
Define the ABCDE of 2nd prevention of stroke?
``` A - antiplatelets B - antihypertensives - keep BP <140/85 C - cholesterol lowering D - diabetes control E - exercise ```
55
What is the relationship between COC?
Relative risk of ischaemic stroke doubled when COC is used.
56
What is the relationship between antipsychotics in elderly and stroke?
Increase the risk of stroke - typical less than atypical and greater in dementia.
57
Which NSAIDs have the greatest and least risk of causing adverse CV events including stroke?
Highest - rofecoxib and diclofenac Lowest - naproxen
58
List 5 non-modifiable risk factors for stroke?
``` Age Gender Ethnicity Family history Previous stroke/TIA ```
59
List 8 modifiable risk factors for stroke?
``` Hypertension Smoking status Waist-to-hip ratio Diabetes Cardiac disease Inactivity Alcohol Depression ```
60
List 8 types of problems people can have post-stroke?
- limb weakness = reduced mobility? - incontinence - dysphagia - aphasia - speak/read/write or understand language. - depression/fatigue - pain - spasticity - cognitive imapirment
61
Every 5kg/m2 is associated with what % increase in stroke mortality?
40%
62
A reduction in LDL cholesterol by 1.0mmol/L can reduce stroke risk by __ %?
20%
63
Stroke is the __ most common cause of death in Scotland?
3rd

PRPS Block 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions