Stroke Flashcards
(138 cards)
What is the role of the pre-frontal cortex?
Decision and planning
How does one calculate CPP?
CPP = Mean blood pressure – ICP
What is a lentiform bleed?
Extradural haematomas - ARTERIAL BLEED
- Lense shaped depression on scan
- Usually due to middle meningeal artery bleed
What is the Monroe-Kellie doctrine?
The relationship between ICP, CSF, CPP, blood and brain tissue
What % of stroke patients have diabetes?
20% - 2-4x risk of stroke with diabetes
What % of stroke is associated with AF?
16%
What patients are at the highest risk of stroke?
Patients that have already had one
15% of patients with untreated AF will have another stroke within a year
What is a carotid endarterectomy?
Surgical procedure to remove build up of fatty deposits in carotid arteries
What is clopidogrel?
Prevents platelet function, blocks P2Y12ADP receptor thus preventing cross linking of fibrin
What % of strokes are bleeds?
20%
What are the roles of the frontal cortex?
- Contralateral movements
- Broca’s area (dominant hemisphere, which is the left in 96% of people)
- cortical inhibition of bladder and bowels
- prefrontal – personality, initiative, sequencing
What are the roles of the parietal lobes?
- Post central gyrus – sensory cortex
- Wernicke’s area – receptive, comprehension
- Handling numbers (dominant hemisphere)
- non dominant – concepts of body image
- visual pathways in Meyer’s loop
What are the roles of the temporal cortex?
- Auditory cortex
- Learning and memory
- Olfaction
- Emotional behaviour
- Visual pathways
What % of ischemic stroke is due to atheroembolism?
50%
What is a lacunar infarction?
Most common type of ischemic stroke, due to occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to deep structures
What would be the consequences of a stroke in the posterior circulation?
- Vertigo
- Ataxia: cerebellar syndrome
- Isolated hemianopia
What is a TACI?
Total anterior circulation infarct
(top half of circle of Willis)
*Diagnosed when all three are present:
- hemi motor and sensory deficit: has to be at least 2/3 of face, arms/ legs
- hemianopia
- cortical (higher) dysfunction
What is a PACI?
Partial anterior circulation infarct
- same as a TACI but when 2/3 are present
What is a LACI?
Lacunar infarct
- pure motor hemiplegia
- pure sensory loss
- Motor and sensory loss
What is dysarthria?
Problem with the muscles, make speaking difficult or impossible – disorder in the motor aspect of speech
What is dysphasia?
Inability to generate or comprehend speech
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Inability to form words correctly – expressive aphasia
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Receptive aphasia, cant understand speech but can say words without trouble
*due to receptive loss, words said don’t make sense as a sentence
What are the roles of the frontal lobe?
- Intellectual function
- Paraxis - Giving instructions in an ordered sequence
- Bladder continence
- Saccadic eye movement - Voluntary horizontal eye movements
- Motor function
- Expression of language - In dominant lobe (normally left)












