Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The One Deck To Rule Them All > Strokes > Flashcards

Strokes Flashcards

1
Q

Nausea + Vomiting
Headache
Seizures
Hemiplegia

A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

- Saggital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Nausea + Vomiting
Headache
Periorbital oedema
Opthalmoplegia
Trigeminal Involvement
A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

- Cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nausea + Vomiting
Headache
CN VI, VII palsies

A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

- Lateral sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigations to diagnose carotid artery stenosis

A

Duplex US of carotids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of carotid artery stenosis

A

if blockage > 50% = Carotid endarectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stroke mimics

A 
Migraine
Post seizure focal deficits 
Hypoglycaemia 
Acute SOL presentation 
Demyelination 
Bell's Palsy 
Non-organic (functional)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of strokes

A

Ischaemic (85%)

Haemorrhagic (15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis (stroke)

A
  • Thickening of inner wall + central wall of artery
  • Artery then calcifies to protect against HTN
  • Calcification then crack due to increased BP on exertion and causes a haemorrhage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of haemorrhage strokes

A

Vessel wall damage (AVAA)

  • Arteriosclerosis/HTN (most common)
  • Vasculitis
  • Aneurysms
  • Atriovenous malformations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transient onset of focal neurological symptoms lasting <24 hours

A

Transient Ischaemic attack (TIA)

- transient decrease in blood flow to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TIA with visual problems

A

Anterior TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TIA with dizziness

A

Posterior TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

> 1 x TIA episode

A

Crescendo TIA

- Admit ASAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First investigation of focal neurological symptoms

A

Capillary blood glucose

- to check for hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acute management of TIA

A

Aspirin 300mg + urgent specialist review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary management (prevention) of TIA

A

Clopidogrel
or
Aspirin + Dipyridamole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 features needed to diagnose a stroke

A
  • Acute onset
  • Focal signs + symptoms (you can picture what part of brain is affected)
  • Disruption of blood supply to brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1st line investigations for stroke

A

Non-contrast CT

- To exclude haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

secondary investigations of stroke

A

CT/MRI Angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Measures disability of daily living in stroke patients

A

Barthel index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Measures risk of bleeding for patients on anticoagulants

A

HASBLED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Used to measure requirement for anticoagulation in AF patients
- Risk of stroke in AF patients

A

CHA2DS2VASc Score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Used to help identify stroke early in Emergency department

A

ROSIER Score

  • stroke is likely is score > 0
24
Q

Causes of ischaemic stroke

A

Thrombotic
- thrombosis from large vessels e.g. carotid

Embolic
- blood clot, fat, air, bacteria

25
Q

Main cause of embolic strokes

A

AF

26
Q

Acute management of ischaemic stroke

A
  1. Aspirin 300mg (haemorrhage excluded)

< 4.5 hours after onset: Thrombolysis (Alteplase)

< 6 hours after onset: Thrombectomy

27
Q

Contraindications to thrombolysis

A 
Previous IC Haemorrhage
Seizure
IC neoplasm
SAH
Previous brain injury (within 3 months)
LP (past week)
GI bleed (past 3 weeks)
Active bleeding
Pregnancy
Oesophageal varices
HTN (200/120)
28
Q

Long-term management for ischaemic stroke

A
  1. Aspirin (300mg) for 2 weeks
    Clopidogrel (75mg)
    Statin if cholesterol >3.5mmol/L
  2. Aspiring + dipyridamole
    (instead of clopidogrel)
29
Q

Anti-coagulants are used for

A

Venous clots

30
Q

Anti-platelets are used for

A

Arterial clots

31
Q

3 examples of anticoagulants

A

Warfarin
Heparin
DOACs

32
Q

5 examples of anti-platelets

A 
Aspirin 
Clopidogrel 
Ticagrelor
Prasugrel
Dipyridamole
33
Q

The 3 H’s

Hemiparesis
Higher cortical dysfunction 
 - dysphagia
 - visuospatial neglect 
Homonymous hemianopia (contralateral)
A

Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS)

  • 15%
34
Q

Vessels affected in TACS

A

Proximal Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
or
Internal Carotid artery (ICA)

35
Q

1 or 2 of the 3 Hs

Hemiparesis
Higher cortical dysfunction
  - dysphagia
  - visuospatial neglect
Homonymous hemianopia (contralateral)
A

Partial Anterior Circulation Syndrome (PACS)

  • 25%
36
Q

1 or more of HBC:

Homonymous Hemianopia
Brainstem syndromes
Cerebellar syndromes

A

Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS)

  • 25%
37
Q

Vessels affected in PACS

A

Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

38
Q

Vessels affected in POCS

A

Vertebral artery
Basilar artery
Cerebellar artery

Hemianopia in POCS =
- Posterior cerebral Artery (PCA)

39
Q

1 of:

Motor loss
Sensory loss
Sensorimotor loss
Ataxic hemiparesis
Clumsy hand-dysarthria
A

Lacunar Syndrome (LACS)

  • 25%
  • associated with HTN
40
Q

Vessels affected in LACS

A

Small penetrating artery occlusion

  • lenticulostriate branches of MCA
  • supply to brain stem
41
Q

Used to classify stroke syndromes

A

Bamford (Oxford) Stroke Classification

42
Q

Contralateral hemiparesis

Upper > lower

A

Middle Cerebral artery (MCA)

43
Q

Contralateral hemiparesis

Lower > upper

A

Anterior Cerebral artery (ACA)

44
Q
  • Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

- Visual agnosia (can’t name object)

A

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

45
Q
  • Ipsilateral CNIII palsy

- Contralateral weakness of upper + lower extremities

A

Weber’s syndrome

46
Q

Vessels affected in Weber’s syndrome

A

Branches of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) that supply midbrain

47
Q

Amaurosis fugax is from

A

Retinal/ ophthalmic artery stroke

48
Q

Locked in syndrome is caused by

A

Basilar artery stroke

49
Q

Ipsilateral facial paralysis + deafness

A

Lateral Pontine syndrome

50
Q

Vessels affected in lateral pontine syndrome

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

51
Q
  • Ipsilateral facial pain + temperature loss
  • Contralateral Limb/torso pain + temperature loss
  • Ataxia
  • Nystagmus
A

Lateral medullary syndrome

“Wallenberg Syndrome”

52
Q

Vessels affected in Lateral medullary syndrome / “Wallenberg Syndrome”

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

53
Q

Driving: 1 episode of stroke/tia

A

1 month off

6 weeks off if HGV driver + notify DVLA

54
Q

Driving: Multiple stroke/tia episodes

A

3 months off + notify DVLA

55
Q

Driving: Craniotomy

A

Pituitary: 6 months off
Meningioma: 1 year off

The One Deck To Rule Them All (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions