Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

The One Deck To Rule Them All > Strokes > Flashcards

Strokes Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Nausea + Vomiting
Headache
Seizures
Hemiplegia

A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

- Saggital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Nausea + Vomiting
Headache
Periorbital oedema
Opthalmoplegia
Trigeminal Involvement
A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

- Cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nausea + Vomiting
Headache
CN VI, VII palsies

A

Intracranial venous thrombosis

- Lateral sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigations to diagnose carotid artery stenosis

A

Duplex US of carotids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of carotid artery stenosis

A

if blockage > 50% = Carotid endarectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stroke mimics

A 
Migraine
Post seizure focal deficits 
Hypoglycaemia 
Acute SOL presentation 
Demyelination 
Bell's Palsy 
Non-organic (functional)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of strokes

A

Ischaemic (85%)

Haemorrhagic (15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis (stroke)

A
  • Thickening of inner wall + central wall of artery
  • Artery then calcifies to protect against HTN
  • Calcification then crack due to increased BP on exertion and causes a haemorrhage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of haemorrhage strokes

A

Vessel wall damage (AVAA)

  • Arteriosclerosis/HTN (most common)
  • Vasculitis
  • Aneurysms
  • Atriovenous malformations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transient onset of focal neurological symptoms lasting <24 hours

A

Transient Ischaemic attack (TIA)

- transient decrease in blood flow to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TIA with visual problems

A

Anterior TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TIA with dizziness

A

Posterior TIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

> 1 x TIA episode

A

Crescendo TIA

- Admit ASAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First investigation of focal neurological symptoms

A

Capillary blood glucose

- to check for hypoglycaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acute management of TIA

A

Aspirin 300mg + urgent specialist review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary management (prevention) of TIA

A

Clopidogrel
or
Aspirin + Dipyridamole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 features needed to diagnose a stroke

A
  • Acute onset
  • Focal signs + symptoms (you can picture what part of brain is affected)
  • Disruption of blood supply to brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1st line investigations for stroke

A

Non-contrast CT

- To exclude haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

secondary investigations of stroke

A

CT/MRI Angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Measures disability of daily living in stroke patients

A

Barthel index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Measures risk of bleeding for patients on anticoagulants

A

HASBLED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Used to measure requirement for anticoagulation in AF patients
- Risk of stroke in AF patients

A

CHA2DS2VASc Score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Used to help identify stroke early in Emergency department

Study These Flashcards
A

ROSIER Score

  • stroke is likely is score > 0
24
Q

Causes of ischaemic stroke

Study These Flashcards
A

Thrombotic
- thrombosis from large vessels e.g. carotid

Embolic
- blood clot, fat, air, bacteria

25
Main cause of embolic strokes
AF
26
Acute management of ischaemic stroke
1. Aspirin 300mg (haemorrhage excluded) < 4.5 hours after onset: Thrombolysis (Alteplase) < 6 hours after onset: Thrombectomy
27
Contraindications to thrombolysis
``` Previous IC Haemorrhage Seizure IC neoplasm SAH Previous brain injury (within 3 months) LP (past week) GI bleed (past 3 weeks) Active bleeding Pregnancy Oesophageal varices HTN (200/120) ```
28
Long-term management for ischaemic stroke
1. Aspirin (300mg) for 2 weeks Clopidogrel (75mg) Statin if cholesterol >3.5mmol/L 2. Aspiring + dipyridamole (instead of clopidogrel)
29
Anti-coagulants are used for
Venous clots
30
Anti-platelets are used for
Arterial clots
31
3 examples of anticoagulants
Warfarin Heparin DOACs
32
5 examples of anti-platelets
``` Aspirin Clopidogrel Ticagrelor Prasugrel Dipyridamole ```
33
The 3 H's ``` Hemiparesis Higher cortical dysfunction - dysphagia - visuospatial neglect Homonymous hemianopia (contralateral) ```
Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS) - 15%
34
Vessels affected in TACS
Proximal Middle cerebral artery (MCA) or Internal Carotid artery (ICA)
35
1 or 2 of the 3 Hs ``` Hemiparesis Higher cortical dysfunction - dysphagia - visuospatial neglect Homonymous hemianopia (contralateral) ```
Partial Anterior Circulation Syndrome (PACS) - 25%
36
1 or more of HBC: Homonymous Hemianopia Brainstem syndromes Cerebellar syndromes
Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS) - 25%
37
Vessels affected in PACS
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
38
Vessels affected in POCS
Vertebral artery Basilar artery Cerebellar artery Hemianopia in POCS = - Posterior cerebral Artery (PCA)
39
1 of: ``` Motor loss Sensory loss Sensorimotor loss Ataxic hemiparesis Clumsy hand-dysarthria ```
Lacunar Syndrome (LACS) - 25% - associated with HTN
40
Vessels affected in LACS
Small penetrating artery occlusion - lenticulostriate branches of MCA - supply to brain stem
41
Used to classify stroke syndromes
Bamford (Oxford) Stroke Classification
42
Contralateral hemiparesis | Upper > lower
Middle Cerebral artery (MCA)
43
Contralateral hemiparesis | Lower > upper
Anterior Cerebral artery (ACA)
44
- Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing | - Visual agnosia (can't name object)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
45
- Ipsilateral CNIII palsy | - Contralateral weakness of upper + lower extremities
Weber's syndrome
46
Vessels affected in Weber's syndrome
Branches of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) that supply midbrain
47
Amaurosis fugax is from
Retinal/ ophthalmic artery stroke
48
Locked in syndrome is caused by
Basilar artery stroke
49
Ipsilateral facial paralysis + deafness
Lateral Pontine syndrome
50
Vessels affected in lateral pontine syndrome
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
51
- Ipsilateral facial pain + temperature loss - Contralateral Limb/torso pain + temperature loss - Ataxia - Nystagmus
Lateral medullary syndrome | "Wallenberg Syndrome"
52
Vessels affected in Lateral medullary syndrome / "Wallenberg Syndrome"
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
53
Driving: 1 episode of stroke/tia
1 month off | 6 weeks off if HGV driver + notify DVLA
54
Driving: Multiple stroke/tia episodes
3 months off + notify DVLA
55
Driving: Craniotomy
Pituitary: 6 months off Meningioma: 1 year off

The One Deck To Rule Them All (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions