Strong and Weak Acids and Bases Flashcards
(13 cards)
Strong Acids
Ions are present in an aqueous solution of an acid – these ions result from the dissociation of the acid
An acid that dissociates completely into ions in water is called a STRONG ACID
What are the strong Acids
HCl - Hydrochloric acid
HNO3 - Nitric acid
H2SO4 - Sulfuric acid (HSO4- is a weak acid)
HBr - Hydrobromic acid
HI - Hydroiodic acid
HClO4 - Perchloric acid
HClO3 - Chloric acid
Weak acids
A WEAK ACID is an acid that dissociates very slightly in a water solution
Thus, only a small percentage of the acid molecules break apart into ions and most of the acid molecules remain intact
Ways to Classify Acids: Number of Protons
MONOPROTIC ACIDS (Examples: HCl, HBr, HI, HF)
Contain only a single hydrogen ion that can dissociate
DIPROTIC ACIDS (Example: H2SO4):
Contain two hydrogen ions that can dissociate
The acid is only strong for the first dissociation
TRIPROTIC ACIDS (Example: H3PO4):
Acids that contain 3 hydrogen ions
Each subsequent dissociation results in a weaker acid
BINARY ACIDS
hydrogen plus non metal
Naming Rules:
i) The prefix hydro- at the start of the name
ii) A root that is formed from the name of the non-metal
iii) The suffix –ic at the end of the root
iv) The word “acid” at the end
OXOACID
Formed from a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen, hydrogen, and another element
Naming Rules:
i) For anions that end in –ate, the suffix of the acid is –ic.
ii) For anions that end in –ite, the suffix of the acid is -ous.
iii) The prefixes hypo- and per- remain part of the acid name.
Strong base
Like a strong acid, a STRONG BASE dissociates completely into ions in water
All oxides and hydroxides of the alkali and alkali earth metals are all strong bases (in other words, any metal from groups one and two with hydroxide)
What are the strong bases
Examples: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2
Weak base
And remember, bases do not have to have a hydroxide ion!
Most bases are weak – a WEAK BASE dissociates very slightly in a water solution, just like a weak acid
pH
The pH scale is a numerical way to show how basic or acidic something is
pH stands for “power of hydrogen ions”
Square brackets denote “concentration of”
Acid
An acid is any compound that increases [H3O+] when it is dissolved in water.
Base
A base is any compound that increases [OH-] when it is dissolved in water.
pOH Scale
Works in the same manner as pH, but deals with the concentration of hydroxide ions
When a solution has a higher concentration of hydronium ions, they have a lower concentration of hydroxide ions, and vice versa
pH and pOH are related, as are [H3O+] and [OH-]
