Struction and functions of neurons Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the dendrites?
They are where the neurotransmitter receptors are found. Once the receptor and neurotransmitter bind, this causes a new electrical impulse to occur
What is the cell body?
It includes the nucleus which contains the ginetic material of the cell
What does the axon do?
It sends a nerve impulse through the neuron to transmit a message to the next neuron
What does the myelin sheath do?
They protect the axon and helps to speed up transmission of the message
What do the nodes of ranvier do?
This speeds up the transmission of the impulse by forcing it to jump accross the gaps along the axon
What is the function of the terminal button?
It is the end of the neuronal and they send the information through to the next neuron, through the release of neurotransmitters
What do neurons do?
They communicate with each other using a mixture of electrical and chemical signals
Where is the sensory neuron located?
In the peripheral nervous system in clusters known as ganglia
Where are relay numbers located?
In the brain and the visual system
What is the function of sensory neuron’s?
They send information from the senses towards the brain
Where are receptors of the sensory neurons found?
In the eyes, ears, tongue and skin
What is the structure of sensory neurons?
Long dendrites and short axons
What is the function of relay neurons?
They carry nerve impulses between neurons allowing sensory and motor neurons to communicate
What are relay neurons involved in?
They are involved in analysing the sensations from these neurons and deciding how to respond
What is the structure of a relay neuron?
They have short dendrites and short axons and no myelin sheath
Where are relay neurons found?
In the CNS
Where are motor neurons found?
Cell bodies are found in the CNS but the long axons form part of the PNS
What is the function of the motor neurons?
These send information via long axons from the brain/spinal cord through effectors such as muscles and glands
What is the structure of motor neurons?
They have short dendrites and long axons
