STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF NERVOUS TISSUE

Question 1

CNS parts

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 2

PNS parts

Answer 2

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia
Enteric Plexuses in small intestine
Sensory receptors in the skin

Question 3

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 3

31

Question 4

Sensory receptors

Answer 4

Monitor changes in the internal and external environment

Question 5

Ganglia

Answer 5

Small masses of nervous tissue consisting of neuronal cell bodies that are located outside the brain and spinal cord

Example: Dorsal root
ganglion

Question 6

Enteric Plexus

Answer 6

Extensive network of nerves that are located in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract that help regulate the digestive system.

Question 7

Sensory function (afferent)

Answer 7

Detect internal and external stimuli and Convey impulses into CNS

Question 8

Integrative function:

(Information processing)

Answer 8

1) Perception = awareness of sensory input

2) Analyzing and storing information to help lead to appropriate responses

Question 9

Motor function (Efferent)

Answer 9

Once integration occurs the brain may elicit motor response to muscles or glands (effectors) via cranial and spinal nerves

Question 10

Neurons vs neuroglia

Answer 10

Neurons: Provide most of the unique functions of the nervous system

Neuroglia: Function to provide support, nourishment, and protection

Question 11

Parts of a Neuron

Answer 11

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminals

Question 12

Parts of a Neuron

Axon terminals

Answer 12

Contain synaptic vesicles that can release neurotransmitters

Question 13

Parts of a Neuron

Axon

Answer 13

Conducts away from cell body toward another neuron, muscle or gland

Emerges at cone-shaped axon hillock

Question 14

Parts of a Neuron

Dendrites

Answer 14

Highly branched structures that carry impulses to the cell body

Question 15

Parts of a Neuron

Cell body

Answer 15

Nucleus, cytoplasm with typical organelles

Question 16

Structural Classes of Neurons

Multipolar

Answer 16

Have several or many dendrites and one axon

Most common type in brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Structural Classes of Neurons

Bipolar

Answer 17

Have one dendrite and one axon

Example: In retina of eye and inner ear

Question 18

Structural Classes of Neurons

Unipolar

Answer 18

1) Have fused dendrite and axon

2) Sensory neurons of spinal nerves

Question 19

Function of the neuroglia

Answer 19

• Support, nourish, and protect neurons

- Critical for homeostasis of interstitial fluid around neurons

Question 20

What makes up about half the volume of the CNS, supports nourishes and protects the neurons?

Answer 20

Neuroglia

Question 21

Do neuroglia generate nerve impulses

Answer 21

no

Question 22

In case of injury or disease, what can multiply to fill in space formerly occupied by neurons?

Answer 22

Neuroglia

Question 23

what type of Neuroglia form blood brain barrier

Answer 23

Astrocytes

Question 24

what type of Neuroglia produce myelin in CNS

Answer 24

Oligodendrocytes

Question 25

what type of Neuroglia protects CNS cells from disease

Answer 25

Microglia

Question 26

what type of Neuroglia form CSF in ventricles

Answer 26

Ependymal cells

Question 27

what type of Neuroglia produce myelin around PNS neurons

Answer 27

Schwann cells

Question 28

what type of Neuroglia support neurons in PNS ganglia

Answer 28

Satellite cells

Question 29

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 29

Gaps in myelin along the axon

Question 30

Ganglion

Answer 30

Cluster of cell bodies in PNS

Question 31

Nucleus

Answer 31

Cluster of cell bodies in CNS

Question 32

what is a Bundle of axons in PNS

Answer 32

Nerve

Question 33

what is a Bundle of axons in CNS

Answer 33

Tract

Question 34

White matter is made up of?

Answer 34

Primarily myelinated axons

Question 35

Gray matter is made up of

Answer 35

Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, neuroglia

Question 36

Regeneration of PNS neurons | Axons and dendrites in the PNS can be repaired if

Answer 36

cell body is intact and Schwann cells functional. if scar tissue does not fill the tube

Question 37

Regeneration of CNS neurons

Answer 37

Very limited even if cell body is intact

Question 38

Action potentials, or nerve impulses, allow for_____

Answer 38

communication between neurons

Question 39

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 39

allow neurons to communicate with other neurons or effectors

Question 40

Components of synapse

Answer 40

Presynaptic neuron- sending Synaptic cleft- Space between Postsynaptic neuron- receiving

Question 41

``` These are examples of what? Acetylcholine Amino acids Norepinephrine dopamine serotonin Neuropeptides such as endorphins Nitric oxide ```

Answer 41

Neurotransmitters

Question 42

what includes all the nervous tissue outside the central nervous system

Answer 42

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 43

What system Consists of the brain and spinal cord? | -Source of thoughts, emotions, and memories

Answer 43

Central Nervous System

Question 44

Peripheral Nervous System subdivisions | )

Answer 44

1) Somatic nervous system (SNS) 2) Autonomic nervous system (ANS) 3) Enteric nervous system (ENS