Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nervous!!! =[ > STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how long is the spinal chord?

A

16-18 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the spinal chord extends from what to where

A

medulla oblongata to the L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is cerebrospinal fluid contained in the spine

A

central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the spinal cord has how many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

posterior root of the spine contains what type of axons?

A 
sensory receptors(sending to CNS)
afferent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anterior root of the spine contains what type of axons?

A 
motor neurons (CNS to affectors)
Efferent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the spinal cord has 2 enlargements what are they?

A

Cervical, lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of white mater in the spinal cord?

A

has tracts that serve as highways for nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gray matter of the spinal cord

A

receives and integrates incoming and outgoing information and is a site for integration of reflexes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Posterior horn

A

contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons (afferent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior (ventral) gray horns

A

contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons that provide impulses for contraction of muscles. (efferent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lateral gray horn is present only where?

A

thoracic and upper lumbar segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lateral gray horn contains?

A

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons that regulate the cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

White Matter tracts?

A 
Sensory tract (ascending)
Motor (descending) tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Motor tracts

A

Consists of axons that conduct nerves impulses away from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sensory tract

A

consist of axons that conduct nerves impulses toward

the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the two levels of spinal reflexes?

A

Spinal reflex: Simple (reflex arc) (Patellar reflex)

Cranial reflex: Simple; occurs in the brainstem (Gag reflex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how many spinal nerves are in the cervical

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many nerves are in the thoracic

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many nerves are in the lumbar

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how many nerves are in the sacrum

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many nerves are in the coccyx

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sensory information goes through which root

A

Dorsal(posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Motor information goes through which root?

A

anterior root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is a dermatome?
an area of skin supplied by a single nerve
26
what is a group of axons arranged in bundles?
facicle
27
what are fascicles of a spinal nerve wrapped in?
perineurium
28
what is the superficial covering of a spinal nerve?
epineurium
29
what does the cervical plexus supplies and what nerves are in it?
posterior head, neck, upper part of the shoulder and the diaphragm C1-C5
30
Brachial plexus supplies what? | contains what nerves?
upper limbs, some neck and shoulder muscles | C-5 to T-1
31
Lumbar plexus supplies what? | contains what nerves
Abdominal wall, external genitals and parts of the lower limbs L-1 to L-4
32
Sacral plexus supplies what? | contains what?
Buttocks, perineum and most of lower limbs | L4-S4
33
The sciatic nerve contains what?
L4-S3
34
The brain contains what % of the bodies wt, but requires what % of the oxygen supply?
2% WT | 20% O2
35
Brain neurons totally deprived of oxygen for ____ or more minutes may lead to permanent damage
four
36
_______ is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to brain and surrounding structures; stems from the two internal carotid arteries.
Circle of Willis
37
Blood brain barrier does what?
protects the brain cells from harmful substances and pathogens
38
the blood brain barrier allows the passage of what?
lipid soluble materials such as O2, CO2, alcohol, anesthesia
39
what cells make up the blood brain barrier
astrocytes
40
what is a Clear, colorless liquid that cushions the brain, carries oxygen, glucose and other needed chemicals from the blood to neurons and removes waste.
Cerebrospinal Fluid
41
Cerebrospinal Fluid circulates through _____ around the spinal cord central canal, and through cavities in the brain called ____
subarachnoid space | ventricles
42
CSF is slowly reabsorbed into the blood through what?
arachnoid villi
43
What are the major parts of the brain?
Brain stem diencephalon cerebellum cerebrum
44
what are the parts of the brain stem?
medulla oblongata pons midbrain
45
What are the parts of the diencephalon
thalamus hypothalamus pineal gland
46
what does cerebellum mean and what is its functions?
Little brain | balance and equilibrium for coordination
47
What forms the inferior part of the brain stem; a continuation of spinal cord
Medulla Oblongata
48
What are the functions of the Medulla Oblongata
regulates the rate and force of the heart and the diameter of the vessels regulates breathing
49
what cranial nerves the the Medulla Oblongata associated with?
cranial nerves VIII-XII
50
what is the “Bridge” which connects the medulla to the midbrain and above
Pons
51
what Contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts?
Pons
52
the pons connects what parts of the brain?
right and left.....
53
Pons is associated with what cranial nerves?
5, 6, 7 and 8
54
what connects the pons to the diencephalon
Midbrain
55
what is Substantia nigra
Loss of these neurons related to Parkinson disease
56
what is Cerebral peduncles
Large tracts that contain axons of motor neurons from cerebrum to rest of brainstem and spinal cord
57
what is involved in in scanning eye movement and responses to visual stimuli
Superior colliculi
58
what does the response to auditory input and startle reflex
Inferior colliculi
59
what are the tree major regions of the diencephalon
thalamus hypothalamus pineal gland
60
Functions of what part of the diencephalon 1) Major sensory relay center 2) Contributes to motor functions 3) Plays role in consciousness
Thalamus
61
Functions of what part of the diencephalon 1) Lies inferior to thalamus and superior to the pituitary gland; important for homeostasis 2) Control of pituitary and hormone production 3) Control and integration of the ANS 4) Regulation of emotional and behavior patterns 5) Regulation of eating and drinking 6) Control of body temperature 7) Regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep and awakening patterns
Hypothalamus
62
what Secretes melatonin which promotes sleepiness and contributes to setting the body's biological clock
Pineal Gland
63
the cerebellum is attached to the brain stem by what?
cerebella peduncles
64
what Divides the cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal Fissure
65
Broad band of white matter containing axons that connects the right and left spheres internally
Corpus Callosum
66
what are the layers of the cerebrum
Cortex-superficial gray matter white matter- myelinated and unmyelinated axons coms between hemispheres via corpus callosum basal ganglia- Assist in motor control, emotions, behavior, executive function
67
what are the four lobes of the hemisphere
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
68
Central sulcus separates___ and ___
frontal and parietal
69
Precentral gyrus anterior to the central sulcus is ___
Primary motor area
70
Postcentral gyrus posterior to the central sulcus is?
Primary somatosensory area
71
Primary visual area
Occipital lobe
72
Primary auditory area
Temporal lobe
73
Primary gustatory (taste) area
Base of postcentral gyrus
74
Primary olfactory (smell) area:
Medial aspect of temporal lobe
75
Primary motor area
Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
76
Each region of the frontal lobe controls voluntary contractions of specific muscles on the ___ side of the body
opposite
77
Association areas do what
complex integration: memory, emotion, reasoning, judgment
78
Somatosensory association area
Integrates and interprets somatic sensations: storage of memories of past sensory experiences located Posterior to primary somatosensory area
79
Premotor area does what
Generates nerve impulses causing a specific group of muscles to contract in a specific sequence
80
what is Called “emotional brain”: plays primary role in pain, pleasure, anger, affection and in behavior
limbic system
81
the structure of the limbic system contains what?
inner border of cerebrum and floor of diencephalon
82
what hemisphere is more involved with: | spoken and written language, numerical and scientific skills, and reasoning
Left
83
what hemisphere is more involved with: | spatial and pattern recognition, emotional content of language, generating images of sight, sound, taste, and smell
right

Nervous!!! =[ (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions