STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

NAME the bones of the pelvic girdle and principle markings.
a. Two hip bones that are each composed of
(1) ______
—(a) Largest, most superior
–(b) Landmarks include:
—–1) ASIS
—–2) PSIS
(2) ______
—(a) Lowest posterior part
—–1) “Sit bone”
(3) ______
—(a) Lower anterior portion

Answer 1

1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis

Question 2

________ forms the socket for the head of the femur

Answer 2

Acetabulum

Question 3

________ forms the socket for the head of the femur

Answer 3

Acetabulum

Question 4

What is this
(1) Formed by articulation of the ischium and pubis
(2) Largest foramen in the body

Answer 4

Obturator foramen

Question 5

What muscles?
Flexes and rotates thigh laterally

Answer 5

-Psoas major
-Iliacus

Question 6

What muscle?
(1) Extends and rotates thigh laterally
(2) Helps lock knee in extension

Answer 6

Gluteus maximus

Question 7

What muscle?
Abducts and rotates thigh medially

Answer 7

Gluteus medius

Question 8

What muscle?
(1) Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint
(2) Helps lock knee in extension

Answer 8

Tensor fascia latae

Question 9

What muscle?
Adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh at hip joint

Answer 9

Adductor longus

Question 10

What muscle?
Adducts, flexes, rotates, and extends thigh at the hip joint

Answer 10

Adductor magnus

Question 11

What muscle?
External rotation of thigh laterally and abducts

Answer 11

Piriformis

Question 12

What muscle?
Flexes and adducts thigh

Answer 12

Pectineus

Question 13

What bone?
(1) Very large and heavy. Strongest bone in the body.
(2) Head articulates with the acetabulum
(3) Articulates with the patella and tibia at distal end

Answer 13

Femur

Question 14

What part of the Femur
Projection from femur at the side of the hip

Answer 14

Greater trochanter

Question 15

What bone?
(1) Develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
(2) Functions to:
–(a) Provides leverage for the quadriceps muscle
–(b) Protect the knee

Answer 15

Patella

Question 16

What bone
Larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg
-Forms medial malleolus at the distal end

Answer 16

Tibia

Question 17

What part of the tibia
Attachment site for the patella ligament

Answer 17

Tibial tuberosity

Question 18

What bone
(1) None weight bearing bone lateral to the tibia
(2) Attaches to the tibia via the interosseous membrane
(3) Forms lateral malleolus at the distal end

Answer 18

Fibula

Question 19

What ligament
(1) Extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity
(2) Strengthens anterior surface of the knee

Answer 19

Patellar ligament

Question 20

What Ligament?
Strengthens the medial aspect of the knee

Answer 20

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Question 21

What Ligament?
Strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee

Answer 21

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Question 22

What Ligament?
(1) Extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to femur
(2) Limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur

Answer 22

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Question 23

What Ligament?
(1) Extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur
(2) Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur

Answer 23

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Question 24

______ are fibrocartilage discs that fit between tibial and femoral condyles

Answer 24

Menisci

Question 25

What are the Sac filled structures filled with fluid and reduce friction

Answer 25

Bursae

Question 26

What are the Bursae in the knee

Answer 26

Prepatellar Pen anserine Infrapatellar Suprapatellar

Question 27

What leg muscles Adduct the femur

Answer 27

Adductor magnus / adductor longus / pectineus

Question 28

What leg muscle (1) Extends the knee (2) Flexes the hip (a) Located anterior to other quadriceps muscles

Answer 28

Rectus femoris

Question 29

What leg muscles Extend the knee

Answer 29

Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius

Question 30

What leg muscle 1) Flexes the knee (2) Weakly flexes the hip (3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Answer 30

Sartorius

Question 31

What leg muscle (1) Adducts and medially rotates thigh (2) Flexes leg at the knee

Answer 31

Gracilis

Question 32

What leg muscle (1) Flexes the knee (2) Weakly flexes the hip (3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Answer 32

Sartorius

Question 33

What leg muscle (1) Extends thigh at the hip (2) Flexes the leg at the knee joint

Answer 33

Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

Question 34

What leg muscles (1) Extends the thigh at the hip (2) Flexes leg at the knee

Answer 34

Semitendinosis Semimembranosis

Question 35

What structure? (1) Formed by distal end of tibia and fibula (2) Tibia forms the medial malleolus (3) Fibula forms the lateral malleolus

Answer 35

Ankle mortis

Question 36

What are the bones of the ankle (tarsals)

Answer 36

(1) Large talus (ankle bone) (2) Calcaneus (heel bone) (3) Cuboid (lateral) (4) Navicular (medial) (5) Cuneiforms (numbered 1-3 medial to lateral)

Question 37

ligaments of the ankle. Extends from talus to fibula

Answer 37

Anterior talofibular ligament

Question 38

ligaments of the ankle. Extends from calcaneus to fibula

Answer 38

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

Question 39

ligaments of the ankle Extends from talus to fibula

Answer 39

Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

Question 40

Deltoid ligaments (a) _____ ligaments fused into one (b) Connects the _____ to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones

Answer 40

a) Four b) tibia

Question 41

muscles that move the foot Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Answer 41

Tibialis anterior

Question 42

muscles that move the foot (1) Dorsiflexes and everts the foot (2) Extends toes

Answer 42

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 43

muscles that move the foot (1) Plantarflexes and everts foot

Answer 43

Fibularis longus

Question 44

muscles that move the foot (1) Plantarflexes foot (2) Flexes leg at the knee

Answer 44

Gastrocneumius

Question 45

muscles that move the foot Plantarflexes foot

Answer 45

Soleus

Question 46

muscles that move the foot Plantarflexes and inverts foot

Answer 46

Tibialis posterior

Question 47

muscles that move the foot (1) Plantarflexes foot (2) Flexes toes

Answer 47

Flexor digitorum longus