Flashcards in structural cardiac disorders Deck (57)
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1
ductus venosus
structure in liver which allows most blood to bypass the liver and enter directly into the inferior vena cava
2
foramen ovale
opening between atria allowing some fetal blood to pass from right side of heart to left, bypassing right ventricle and lungs
3
ductus arteriosus
between the pulm artery and aorta which allows blood to bypass the lungs and enter directly into descending aorta
4
which side of the heart is more oxygenated and what %
left side- blood is returning from the lungs (about 95%)
right side- (72-80%)
5
atria pressure
thin walled chambers, low pressure
6
ventricle pressure
thicker walled with high pressure
7
left ventricle has what
the greatest presssure because it must pump blood into the high pressure systemic circulation
8
what is a cardiac shunt
an abnormal blood flow through the heart or great vessle
9
left to right shunt
oxygenated blood flow from the left side of heart goes to the right side, going through the lungs again
10
right to left shunt
less o2 blood goes from the right side of the heart to the left side skipping the lungs
11
what is a functional murmur
usually seen with stress in children and infants, mostly normal and goes away with age, usually not of great concern
12
what are the causes of congenital heart defects
1. alcohol, antiseizure,
2. maternal rubella
3heredity
4. diabetic mothers
5. 10x greater change of siblings have defects
6. environment
13
atrial septal defect
Left-> right
abnormal opening between atria leading to increased pressure and o2 on right side of heart
14
where do most of the atrial septal defects happen
90% occure at foramen ovale
15
clinical mani of atrial septal defect
usually asymptomatic
may show s/s of HF
16
ventricular septal defect
left-> right shunt
abnormal opening between the ventricles leading to increased pressure and o2 on R side of heart (RV)
17
clinical mani of ventricular septal defect
1. usually asymptomatic (most close spontaneously)
2. may see s/s increased volume or HF on R side
3. most common CHD
18
patent ductus artheriosus
left-> right shunt
failure of fetal structure to close after birth
blood shunted from high pressure aorta to low pressure pulmonary artery
usually closes with higher o2 levels
19
clinical mani of patent ductus arteriosus
may see s/s of HF or increased volume of R side
20
coarctation of aorta
acyanotic heart disease
narrowing of aorta
21
what are the two types of coarctation of aorta
1. pre-ductal
2. post ductal
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pre-ductal coarctation of aorta
between the ductus arteriosus and subclavian artery (most severe)
23
post-ductal coarctation of aorta
distal to the ductus arteriosus
24
clinical mani of coartation of aorta on the proximal side
increased pressure proximal to the defect causes
1. high BP
2. bounding pulses in upper extremities
3. dizziness, headache, fainting,
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clinical mani of coarctation of aorta distal
decreased blood supply distal to defect causes:
1. low BP
2. decreased/absent femoral pulses
3. muscle cramps, cool pale extremities
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cyanotic heart disease
right-left shunt
desaturated venous blood flows into the left side of the heart, bypassing the lungs because the pressure on the right side is greater than the left or the vessels are misplaced
27
what are the 4 defects in tetralogy of fallot
1. VSD- ventricle septal defect
2. pulmonic valve stenosis
3. overriding aorta (shift into right ventricle)
4. R ventricle hyertrophy
28
what are the clinical mani of tetalogy of fallot
(related to degree of pulm stenosis)
1. Polycythemia
2. anoxic spells
3. increases systemic vascular resistance
4. shunted physical growth
5. murmer
6. squatting
5. clubbing
29
what all happens with the tetralogy of fallot
increased pressure in the RV leads to right ventricle hypertrophy. Pulmonary valve stenosis and open VSD lead to blood being shunted into the overriding aorta and lV
30
