Structural & Functional Orginization of Tissue

Question 1

what are the four types of tissues

Answer 1

Muscle tissues

Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Connective tissue

Question 2

The integumentary system is comprised of what parts

Answer 2

Skin

Hair

Nails

Accessory Structures

Question 3

what type of tissue generates the physical force to make the body structures move

Answer 3

muscle tissue

Question 4

what type of tissue protects and supports the body and it organs

Answer 4

Connective tissue

Question 5

what type of tissue provides immunity

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

what type of epithelial cell provides contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and extracellular matrix and maintain paracellular barriers of epithelia

Answer 6

Cell junction

Question 7

epithelial tissue is broadly categorized into what two categories

Answer 7

covering and lining epithelium

Glandular Epithelium

Question 8

what category of epithelial tissue is the covering of the skin and outer coverings of some eternal organs, lines body cavities, blood vessels and ducts and integral part of sense organs for hearing , vision and touch

Answer 8

Covering and lining

Question 9

what category of epithelial tissue is the secreting portion of the gland

Answer 9

Glandular epithelium

Question 10

what is the most superficial layer epithelial tissue

Answer 10

Apical layer

Question 11

whats is the deepest layer of the epithelial tissue

Answer 11

Basal layer

Question 12

what epithelial tissue is the mostly comprised of protein fibers, located between the epithelium and underlying connective tissue layer and helps to bind and support the epithelium

Answer 12

Basement membrane

Question 13

what are the two ways of classifying epithelial tissue cells

Answer 13

morphology

stratification

Question 14

what classification of epithelial tissue cells is based on shape

Answer 14

morphology

Question 15

what classification of epithelial tissue cells is based on number of layers

Answer 15

stratification

Question 16

what are the 4 morphology epithelial cells types

Answer 16

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Transitional

Question 17

what type of epithelial tissue cell is a Thin, flat shape allows rapid passage of substances through them

Answer 17

Squamous epithelium

Question 18

what type of epithelial tissue cell is tall as they are wide and shaped like cubes or hexagons

Answer 18

cuboidal epithelium

Question 19

what type of epithelial tissue cell is taller than they are wide

Answer 19

columnar epithelium

Question 20

what type of epithelial tissue cell is able to change shape from flat to cuboidal and back depending on tension & distention of tissue.

Answer 20

transitional Epithelium

Question 21

a single layer of epithelial cells that functions in diffusion osmosis, filtration, secretion and absorption

Answer 21

simple epithelium

Question 22

what type of epithelium tissue cells is a simple epithelium that appears to be stratified because the cell nuclei lie at different levels and not all cell reach the apical surface.

however all the cells rest on the basement membrane

Answer 22

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 23

what epithelial cells provide two forms of locomotion

Answer 23

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Question 24

what on the epithelial cells increase the surface are of a cell by multiplying the area form 2 dimensions to 3 dimensions

Answer 24

Microvilli

Question 25

what is a highly- insoluble fibrous protein with water proofing qualities and high friction resistance

Answer 25

Keratin

Question 26

what are cells that lose their nucleus and organelles to make room for keratin, and no longer living cells

Answer 26

keratinocytes

Question 27

what type of keratin cells is found on wet/interior surfaces that is exposed to considerable wear and tear such as the mouth tongue, pharynx, esophagus and vagina

Answer 27

Non-keratinized stratified epithelium

Question 28

what type of keratin cells is found on dry/outer surfaces where resistance to both friction and water is needed

Answer 28

Keratinized

Question 29

what does the outer epidermis consists of that provides protection against water, friction, abrasion, and microorganisms

Answer 29

keratinocytes

Question 30

what has greater cells and less extracellular space (Matrix)

Answer 30

Epithelial Tissue

Question 31

what has less cells greater extracellular space (matrix)

Answer 31

Connective Tissue

Question 32

what are the connective tissue cells

Answer 32

Fibroblast Adipocytes Mast Cells

Question 33

what are the connective tissue fibers

Answer 33

Collagen fibers Elastic fibers Reticular fibers

Question 34

what are the most common cells in connective tissues and synthesize and secretes collagen and elastin

Answer 34

Fibroblast

Question 35

what type of cells serve to cushion and insulate the skin and other organs

Answer 35

Adipocytes

Question 36

what type of cells is an important to the inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair

Answer 36

Mast cells

Question 37

T/F Collagen fibers are very strong and resistant to shear force

Answer 37

True

Question 38

what type of connective tissue provides elasticity and has rubber like properties

Answer 38

elastic fibers

Question 39

what type of connective tissue provides strength and support in the walls of small blood vessels

Answer 39

Reticular

Question 40

epithelial layers secretes mucous via what cells

Answer 40

goblet cells

Question 41

what are the function of mucous membrane

Answer 41

GEN: prevent cavities from drying out RESP: Traps particles GI: Lubricates, absorbs. and secrete digestive enzymes DERM: bind the epithelium to the underlying structures

Question 42

what type of cell membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and covers organs that lie within a cavity

Answer 42

Serous Membrane

Question 43

what type of cell membrane lines joints

Answer 43

Synovial Membrane

Question 44

what layer of the skin is the surface layer, consist of continually regenerating karatinocytes with a 30 day life cycle

Answer 44

Epidermis

Question 45

what are the layers of the epidermis

Answer 45

Statum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinsum Stratum Basale

Question 46

what layer of the epidermis is where most of the keratin is located and where cells here shed & replace from below

Answer 46

Stratum Corneum

Question 47

what layer of the epidermis is the stem cell layer where new cells arise

Answer 47

Stratum Basale

Question 48

where is the dermis located

Answer 48

Epidermis and subcutaneous tissue

Question 49

what is the specialized cells of the epidermis and hair follicle, primary function to synthesis and transfer melanin to adjacent keratinocytes

Answer 49

melanocytes

Question 50

what type of cells are sensitive to touch and pressure

Answer 50

merkel cells

Question 51

hair is compromised of what fused cells

Answer 51

keratinized cells

Question 52

hair help protect what structures

Answer 52

scalp eyes nostrils

Question 53

what derm gland release secretions directly into the blood stream

Answer 53

Endocrine

Question 54

what type of glands release sections onto the epithelial surface via a duct and have a major roll in derm

Answer 54

Exocrine glands

Question 55

what type of gland opens to the into a hair follicle and secretes an oily /waxy sebum

Answer 55

Sebaceous Glands

Question 56

what type of gland empty directly into the skin surface, Not from the hair follicle.

Answer 56

Sudoriferous Eccrine gland

Question 57

what type of gland is attached to the hair follicle, it secretions serve as a nutrient for microbes and attains it characteristic odor

Answer 57

Apocrine

Question 58

what type of gland is attached to the hair follicle, it secretions serve as a nutrient for microbes and attains it characteristic odor

Answer 58

Apocrine

Question 59

what is the distal margin of the nail plate

Answer 59

Free edge

Question 60

what portion of the nail is visable

Answer 60

Nail Body (plate)

Question 61

what part of the nail consist of stratum corneum beneath the free edge that attaches to the free edge of fingertip

Answer 61

Nail Bed

Question 62

semi-circular layer of the epithelial cells covering the proximal portion of the nail

Answer 62

Cuticle

Question 63

portion of the nail that is not visible

Answer 63

Nail root

Question 64

proximal portion of the epithelium deep to the nail root where new nail cell are produced

Answer 64

Nail Matrix

Question 65

what are the functions of the nails

Answer 65

protection enhances precise and delicate finger moving ) grasping/manipulation

Question 66

what is the viable crescent shape at the base of the nail late

Answer 66

nunula

Question 67

what are the three main pigments that influence skin pigmentation

Answer 67

Melanin carotene Hemoglobin

Question 68

high caroten rate will give what skin tone

Answer 68

yellow to reddish tone

Question 69

High hemoglobin rate will give what skin tone

Answer 69

red to pinkish tone

Question 70

excessive intake of lipid compounds found in red, orange, yellow and green vegetables and fruit will cause what characterized by yellow-orange discoloration of skin

Answer 70

carotenemia

Question 71

what stimulates melanin production

Answer 71

UV light exposure

Question 72

increase melanin amount and darkness serve as what

Answer 72

adaptive protective function

Question 73

a genetic condition characterized by little or no melanin pigment of the eyes, skin, or hair Occurs worldwide and affects people of all races

Answer 73

Albinism

Question 74

what is a acquired depigmentatioin of the skin characterized by loss of melancytes thought to be a systemic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack the melanocytes

Answer 74

Vitilgo

Question 75

what are the functions of the skin

Answer 75

Temp Regulation Protection Cutaneous Sensation Excretion/absorption/synth

Question 76

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation activates what

Answer 76

vitamin D

Question 77

Vitamin D is converted to what that aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Answer 77

Calcitriol

Question 78

what are the 5 signs of inflammation

Answer 78

local hyperthermia Erythema Local Edema Pain loss of function

Question 79

what type of aging is inevitable physiologic changes of the skin

Answer 79

interstice aging

Question 80

what type of aging is preventable structural and functional changes of the skin

Answer 80

extrinsic aging

Question 81

what are factors of extrinsic aging

Answer 81

Environmental Lifestyle Social Elective Cosmetics Surgeries

Question 82

what is the most important source of preventable extrinsic aging termed photo aging

Answer 82

ultraviolet radiation exposure

Question 83

what are effects to epidermal aging

Answer 83

deterioration of wound repair capacity Easier to injure underlying tissue elevated risk of cancer weakened cutaneous immunity

Question 84

what are effects to epidermal aging

Answer 84

deterioration of wound repair capacity Easier to injure underlying tissue elevated risk of cancer weakened cutaneous immunity

Question 85

what is the most rapidly regenerating and repairing tissue and has capacity for continuous renewal

Answer 85

Epithelial Tissue

Question 86

what are the phases of healing

Answer 86

Inflamation (1 -3 days) Proliferative (2 -10) days Early Remodeling (2- 3) weeks Late remodeling (months to year)

Question 87

what is healing by primary intention

Answer 87

sutures staples dermal adhesive

Question 88

what is healing by secondary intention

Answer 88

formation of granulation tissue fill the space between the wound

Question 89

what is healing by secondary intention

Answer 89

formation of granulation tissue fill the space between the wound

Question 90

what type of cell junction forms a barrier against water antigens passing between individual epithelial cells

Answer 90

tight junction

Question 91

what type of cell adhesion continuously assembled and dissembled so cells can respond changes in their movement

Answer 91

Ahderens Junction

Question 92

what type of cell junction forms stable adhesive junctions between cells

Answer 92

Demosomes

Question 93

what type of cell junction allows various molecules and electrical signals to pass freely between cells

Answer 93

Gap junctions

Question 94

what type of cell junction facilitate the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane

Answer 94

Hemidesomosomes

Question 95

is squamous epithelium kertinized or non kerternized

Answer 95

both

Question 96

what are the two processes of tissue architecture restoration after an injury

Answer 96

regeneration replacement

Question 97

what tissue has the poorest capacity for renewal . why

Answer 97

Nervous tissue because it does not undergo mitosis to replace neurons