Structure and cell functions

Question 1

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 1

A cell lacking membrane bound organelles with loose, looped DNA

Question 2

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 2

A cell with membrane bound organelles and structured DNA

Question 3

What is a nucleoid?

Answer 3

Where DNA is stored in prokaryotes

Question 4

What is a tonoplast?

Answer 4

A partially permeable membrane surrounding the vacuole

Question 5

What is a centriole?

Answer 5

Tubes of microfilaments forming spindle like tubes during mitosis

Question 6

What are the three parts of cell theory?

Answer 6

1. All living organisms are composed of cells
2. The cell is the most basic unit of structure and cells organise and form organisms
3. Cells cannot form spontaneously, all cells arise from other cells

Question 7

Prokaryotes

What is a plasmid?
What are they responsible for?

Answer 7

Plasmids are small circular loops of DNA
They are responsible for antibiotic resistance

Question 8

Prokaryotes

What are 70s (Svedberg) ribosomes?

Answer 8

Ribosomes are responsible for making proteins

Question 9

Prokaryotes

What is a nucleoid?

Answer 9

A nucleoid is like a nucleus, but lacks an enclosed membrane. Dna is a single loop.

Question 10

Prokaryotes

Features of the cell wall?

Answer 10

A cell wall made out of peptidoglycan supporting and protecting the cell

Question 11

Prokaryotes

What is a capsule?

Answer 11

A ‘slime’ that protects the cell and ensures it doesn’t dry out

Question 12

Eukaryotes

What is a vesicle?

Answer 12

Sacs filled with substances requiring transport around or out of cells

Question 13

Eukaryotes

What are lysosomes?

Answer 13

Sacs filled with hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellular waste

Question 14

Eukaryotes

What are 80s ribosomes?

Answer 14

The site of protein synthesis located in the cytoplasm and the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Eukaryotes

What is the nucleus?

Answer 15

Stores genetic material and has a nucleolus which makes RNA and ribosomes

Question 16

Eukaryotes

What is a plasma membrane?

Answer 16

A plasma membrane acts as a barrier and allows certain substances to cross into the cell

Question 17

Eukaryotes

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 17

Receives, modifies and packages proteins

Question 18

Eukaryotes

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 18

The site of protein synthesis and transport to the golgi apparatus

Question 19

Eukaryotes

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

The site of lipid and carbs synthesis and transport

Question 20

Eukaryotes

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 20

Containing chemicals

Question 21

Eukaryotes

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 21

Site of cellular respiration - energy is released

Question 22

Eukaryotes

What are centrioles?

Answer 22

Produce spindle fibres for cell division

Question 23

Plant cell addition

What is a vacuole?

Answer 23

Membrane bound sac which maintains pressure and stores cell sap

Question 24

Plant cell addition

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 24

Site of photosynthesis

Question 25

Plant cell addition What are amyloplasts?

Answer 25

Membrane bound sacs which synthesises and stores starch granules

Question 26

Plant cell addition What is a plasmodesmata?

Answer 26

Strands of membrane that pass between cells for transport and communication

Question 27

Plant cell addition What is a cell wall?

Answer 27

Protects and supports the cell, made of cellulose

Question 28

Plant cell addition What are pits?

Answer 28

Pores between cells allowing water to enter and leave cells

Question 29

What are the 6 steps to gram staining?

Answer 29

1. Bacteria culture smeared onto slide 2. Heat applied to fix bacteria 3. Crystal violet stain 4. Iodine to trap Crystal violet 5. Alcohol to rinse excess stain 6. Counterstain eg Safranin to stain unstained bacteria

Question 30

What colour does gram positive bacteria produce?

Answer 30

Purple

Question 31

What colour does gram negative bacteria produce?

Answer 31

Pink/red

Question 32

Gram positive bacteria have a t_____ p_______ c_____ w_____

Answer 32

thick peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 33

Gram negative bacteria have a f_____ l_____

Answer 33

fatty later

Question 34

What bacteria isn't treatable with antibiotics?

Answer 34

Gram negative