Structure And Function Flashcards
Name the general cell shapes
Coccus- spheres in bunches, chains, quartets Rod - bacilli, alone, chain Vibrios- bent rods Spirillum Spirochete Budding and Filamentous
What domains have histones?
Archea and Eucarya
What is an Ori C and who has one?
It is the origin of replication on a circular chromosome. Bacteria and archeae both have circular genomes.
Name an actin homolog
Mre B
Name a tubulin homolog and its function
Fts Z. Causes septum in binary fission, contraction in cell replication
What are trichome s?
Long fillament cells that are connected intracellulaurly. Found in Cyanobacteria. Can differentiate into heterocysts.
What are heterocysts?
A specialized trichome of Cyanobacteria that a cell will differentiate into when N is needed. It produces the enzyme nitrogenase that can fix N. can not form in the presence of Oxygen
Name the major of features of Archaea lipid membranes
Ether bonds G1p Isoprenes in Archaea Bilayers or monolayers Cyclonpentene rings
Name the major features of Bacteria and Eucarya lipid membranes
Ester bonds
G3P
Fatty acids
Only bilayers
How do you identify a gram + cell?
Thick peptidoglycan wall outside of membrane
Has a very small periplasm between the membrane and peptidoglycan.
Staphylococcus.
Name the features of a gram - cell
Thin peptidoglycan wall located in the periplasm, between the inner and out membranes.
E. coli
What type of cells have a lipopolysacharide outer membrane covering their thin peptidoglycan layer?
Gram -
What type of cell has a thick peptidoglycan layer making up their cell wall?
Gram +
Gram positive organisms stain what color?
Blue/ purple
What color do gram negatives stain?
Pink/ red
What are gas vacuoles and who uses them.
Vesicles of trapped air used by Cyanobacteria to travel up and down in water
What is polhydroxybuterate, PHB?
A lipid like structure that can store extra C for lean times. Can make plastics and biofuels from.
What is volutin?
Pyro phosphate granules that are stored in cytoplasm.
What is a carboxysome?
Protein based polyhedral body that contains molecules for carbon fixation, are invaginations of the plasma membrane.
What are invaginations?
Invaginations of the plasma membrane are a way to sequester some processes, increases cell surface area
Ex. Thylakoid membrane in Cyanobacteria
What type of phospholipid bilayer do high temperature organisms have?
Saturated fatty acids, ester bonds
What are hopanoids?
Strengthen membrane, all bacteria have except mycoplasma s ( have sterols)
What are sterols and who has them!
Like cholesterol, used to strengthen lipid membranes, only in eukarya
What is the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria made of?
Made of two sugars, NAG and NAM
Are connected by beta 1,4 linkages with variable #’s and types of amino acids
Are in D conformation
Usually 3 strings of NAG/NAM connected with interbridge links to other strands
