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Introductory Microbiology (LSCI 230) > Structure and Function- General > Flashcards

Structure and Function- General Flashcards

Midterm (60 cards)

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1
Q

Colony Morphology

A

Characteristics of the Colony produced by a species on solid agar

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2
Q

Examples of morphology

A

Size, Shape, Texture Colour

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3
Q

Morphotype

A

Colony with specific characteristics

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4
Q

Characteristics are influenced by:

A

Medium
Incubation conditions

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5
Q

Properties of all Cells (3)

A

Metabolism
Growth
Evolution

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6
Q

Properties of Some Cells (4)

A

Differentiation
Communication
Genetic Exchange
Motility

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7
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Cells take up nutrients, transform them, and expels wastes

A

Metabolism

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8
Q

Which cell Property is the following: Nutrients from the environment atre converted into new materials to formnew cells

A

Growth

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9
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Cells evolve to display new properties, Phylogenetic trees capture evolutionary relationships

A

Evolution

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10
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Can form new cell structures such as a spore.

A

Differenciation

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11
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Cells interact with each other by chemical messengers

A

Communication

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12
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
cells can exchange genes by several mechanisms

A

Genetic Exchange

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13
Q

Which cell Property is the following:
Are capable of Self-propulsion (Flagellum)

A

Motility

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14
Q

Two types of metabolism (Functions of cell)

A

Genetic
Catalytic

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15
Q

What is the genetic function of the cell? (Metabolism)

A

DNA Replication
DNA → Transcription → RNA → Translation → Proteins

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16
Q

What is the Catalytic Functions of the cell? (Metabolism)

A

Energy Conservation (ADP + Pi → ATP) Generation of precursors of macromolecules (Metabolism)
Enzyme (Metabolic Catalysts)

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17
Q

Intracellular Organelles of Prokaryotes

A

Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Nucleoid
Cytoplasm
Plasmid
Ribosomes

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18
Q

Prokaryotes are

A

Bacteria and Archea

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19
Q

Eukaryotes are

A

Eukarya

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20
Q

Intracellular Organelles of Eukaryotes

A

Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Mitochondrion
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cytoplasm
Golgi Complex

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21
Q

Three functions of the membrane

A

Permeability Barrier
Protein Anchor
Energy Conservation

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22
Q

What function fo the membrane is described:
Prevent leakage and a gateway for transport of nutrient into and waste out of cell

A

Permeability barrier

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23
Q

What function fo the membrane is described:
Site of many proteins that participate in transport, bioenergetics, and chemotaxis

A

Protein Anchor

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24
Q

What function fo the membrane is described:
Site of generation and use of the proton motive force

A

Energy conservation

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25
Ratio Protein/Lipids:
50% or less
26
Types of membrane proteins
Sensors Adhesins Transporters Enzymes
27
Type of membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer
28
Bacteria/Eukarya Phospholipid bilayer linkage
Ester linkage
29
Archea Phospholipid Bilayer linkage
Ether linkage
30
The Archeal Lipid chain is composed of
Isoprene
31
Waht is a unique charactiristic in the archeal membrane and what is its use
Can be a lipid monolayer (Biphytanyl) It is more resistant to extreme environments → More stable at high temperature
32
What are the three type of archeal membranes (bi/mono layer)
Glyceroldiether (Bi) Diglycerol tetraethers (Mono) Crenarchaeol (Mono)
33
How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Eukarya?
Sterol (Consist of Polar head, Rigid planar steroid ring structure, nonpolar hydrocarbon tail)
34
How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Animal Cells
Cholesterol
35
How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Fungi
Ergosterol (enzyme inhibitor for ergosterosis synthesis used to rid of yeast infections)
36
How is the Lipid bilayer stabilized in Plant cells and Protozoans
Stigmasterol
37
In bacteria and Archea Sterols are
Almost always absent
38
How is the membrane stabilized in Bacteria
Hopanoids
39
What are the limts of the size of a cell?
0.5 micrometers to 750 micrometers in diameter
40
What does the Surface volume ratio affect?
exchanges with the outside (Capacity to transport substrate across the cytoplasmic membrane)
41
What affetc the Surface volume ratio?
the Shape of the cell
42
What enzyme is in charge of DNA Replication?
DNA Polymerase
43
What enzyme is in charge of DNA transcription?
RNA Polymerase
44
What enzyme is in charge of RNA translation into protein?
Ribosome
45
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Circular molecule, double stranded.
Bacteria/Archea
46
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Generally haploid (one copy)
Bacteria/Archea
47
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Packaged with proteins (H-NS and other Histone-like protein), aggregates to form the nucleoid), the chromosome
Bacteria/Archea
48
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: DNA in the cytoplasm, ribosomal RNA encoded on the chromosome
Bacteria/Archea
49
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: May also contain plasmids
Bacteria/Archea
50
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Linear molecules, double-stranded.
Eukarya
51
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Generally diploid (two copies)
Eukarya
52
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Packaged with proteins (Histones) to form chromatin fibers, the chromosome
Eukarya
53
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: DNA in the nucleus
Eukarya
54
The following characteristics correspond to Storage of DNA in: Nucleolus: (DNA that code for ribosomal RNA, ribosomal proteins, immature ribosome)
Eukarya
55
Ribosome Function
Composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins, translates mRNA into amino acid chains to form proteins.
56
Ribosome location in Prokaryotes
Free in the cytoplasm or attached to cytoplasmic membrane.
57
Ribosome location in Eukaryotes
Free in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
58
Number of ribosomes and subunits in Prokaryotes
30S + 50S subunits = 70S ribosome
59
Number of ribosomes and subunits in Eukaryotes
40S + 60S subunits = 80S ribosome
60
Describes the rate of sedimentation of a particle in an ultracentrifuge. Proportional to the size, shape and density of the particle but the relationship is not linear
Svedberg unit

Introductory Microbiology (LSCI 230) (18 decks)

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