Structure and Function of Neurones Flashcards

1
Q

What are motor neurones?

A

Neurones that carry an action potential from the CNS to the effector.

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2
Q

What is a myelinated neurone?

A

Has an individual layer of myelin around it.

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3
Q

What is a non-myelinated neurone?

A

Has no individual layer of myelin

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4
Q

What are relay neurones?

A

Join sensory neurones to motor neurones.

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5
Q

What are sensory neurones?

A

Neurones that carry an action potential from the sensory receptor to the CNS.

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6
Q

Why are neurones long?

A

So that they can transmit the action potential over long distances.

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7
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Carry impulses towards the cell body. Numerous dendrites connect to other neurones.

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8
Q

What does an axon do?

A

Carry impulses away from the cell body.

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9
Q

Neurones are surrounded by a fatty layer that insulates the cell form electrical activity in other nerve cells nearby. What is this fatty layer composed of?

A

Schwann cells.

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10
Q

What is the position of the motor neurones?

A

They have their cell body in the CNS and have a long axon that carries the action potential out to the effector.

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11
Q

What is the position of the sensory neurones?

A

Have a long dendron carrying the action potential from a sensory receptor to the cell body, which is positioned just outside the CNS. They then have a short axon carrying the action potential into the CNS.

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12
Q

What is the position of the relay neurone?

A

Relay neurones connect the sensory and motor neurones together. They have short dendrites and the number of divisions of the axon is variable.

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13
Q

What do relay neurones do?

A

Conduct impulses in coordinated pathways.

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14
Q

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

A

The nodes of Ranvier

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15
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Prevents the movement of ions across the membrane so that it can only occur at the nodes of Ranvier.

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16
Q

What do the myelin sheath cause?

A

The action potential to jump form one node of Ranvier to the next. Making the conduction more rapid.

17
Q

How does the action potential travel in a non-myelinated neurone?

A

It travels like a wave down the neurone rather than jumping.

18
Q

What are the advantages to myelination?

A

Can transmit action potentials much faster.
They can carry action potentials over longer distances.
Increased speed and length means that they have a ore rapid response to stimuli.