structure and function of the skeletal system Flashcards
what are the six functions of the skeleton
support
posture
movement
protection
blood cell production
storage of minerals
describe the function of support
- skeleton gives body support enabling us to stand
- bones are held together by ligaments
- skeleton provides framework for muscles, which are attached to the bones by tendons
how does support help a footballer
the footballer’s skeleton gives him support to enable him to stand. the skeleton provides a framework for muscles, which are attached to his bones and allow him to kick the football
describe the function of posture
the skeleton acts as a framework. muscles are firmly attached to bones forming our bone shape, this holds us upright
how does posture help a runner?
when running you need to be in an upright position in order to run fast. if you were hunched you would find it hard to breathe
describe the function of protection
some of our body parts are delicate and need protection. bones can protect body parts from impacts and injuries.
- the cranium protects the brain
- the rib cage protects your heart & lungs
how does protection help a rugby player
the cranium protects you brain when being tackled. if it didn’t you would suffer from severe head injury
describe the function of movement
muscles are attached firmly to bones forming levers to allow for sporting movements. when the muscles contract they pull on the bone creating movement
how does movement aid a swimmer
your arms and legs produce movement to do a stroke. for example a butterfly stoke
describe the function of blood cell production
the end of long bones contain red bone marrow. the is where the red blood cells that carry oxygen are produced
how does blood cell production aid a marathon runner
it is vital for a marathon runner because the red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow which transports oxygen to the working muscles and help release energy
describe the function of mineral storage
they serve two functions:
- give your bones their rigid structure and increase density and strength
- bones also function as a mineral storage depot, releasing dissolved calcium phosphorus and magnesium into your blood stream if needed
how does mineral storage aid a triple jumper
a triple jumper will need minerals for strong boned such as hips knees and ankles to avoid injury
name all the bones in the skeleton (top to bottom)
cranium, clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, meta-carpals, phalanges, vertebrae, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, meta-tarsals, phalanges
what is a synovial joint
a freely moveable joint where two or more bones articulate.
- allows for a wide range of movements that are essential when participating in sport
what is the structure of a ligament
- the attach bone to bone
- strong bands of connective tissue which joins bone together and are very tough ans resilient
what is the function of a ligament
- keep joints stable
- prevent extreme movements and help stop dislocation
how do ligaments help a tennis player
ligaments in their ankle help them to be able to run and change direction on the court in the middle of a rally
what is the the structure of a cartilage
tough and flexible connective tissue
what is the function of a cartilage
reduces friction and absorbs shock to protect a joint
how do cartilage help a tennis player
when they land a split step the cartilage in their knee absorb the shock protecting her joint
what is the structure of tendons
tough bands of connective tissue which enable muscles to move bones into position
what is the function of a tendon
they connect muscle to bone
how do tendons help a tennis player
when they are running the tendon allows movement by shortening after the muscle contracts which allows them to chase after the ball
