Structure and Regulation of Biochemical Pathways Flashcards
Enzyme
Protein that aid the rate of reaction
Features of an Enzyme
specific, reusable, lower activation energy, higher rate of reaction
Induced fit model
enzyme changes shape slightly when it bonds with substrate which stresses chemical bonds
Catalyst
a molecule that catalyses a biological reaction
Catabolic Reaction
lower energy level products. One substrate is broken down into two or more products, releasing energy
Anabolic Reaction
higher energy level products. Two or more substrates are built up in one product, using energy
Endergonic
reaction that requires energy
Exergonic
reaction that produces energy
Activation Energy
minimum input energy reactant must possess to trigger a reaction to occur
Denaturation
amino acids break, preventing normal chemical functioning
Factors affecting enzymes
Temperature (Optimal temperature, below temp is slow, above temp it can become denatured)
pH (optimal pH)
concentration (higher enzyme concentration increases number of available active sites, increasing rate of reaction - higher substrate concentration increases rate of reaction but plateaus once all available active sites are taken)
Competitive Inhibition
Inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme and prevents substrate from binding; can be dislodged by changing environmental conditions
Non-competitive Inhibition
inhibitor that binds to a site other than the active site and in doing so changes the shape of the active site, preventing substrates from binding; can’t be dislodged by changing environmental conditions
Cofactors
inorganic; helps substrate fit better in the active site of enzyme; increases the rate of reaction
Coenzyme
organic non-protein; damaged in the reaction. A new molecule is needed for each subsequent reaction. Assists enzymatic reaction by binding to active site, transforming into a catalytic molecule capable of binding to the substrate.
