Structure and Regulation of Biochemical Pathways Flashcards Preview

VCE Biology Unit 3 & 4 > Structure and Regulation of Biochemical Pathways > Flashcards

Flashcards in Structure and Regulation of Biochemical Pathways Deck (19)
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1
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein that aid the rate of reaction

2
Q

Features of an Enzyme

A

specific, reusable, lower activation energy, higher rate of reaction

3
Q

Induced fit model

A

enzyme changes shape slightly when it bonds with substrate which stresses chemical bonds

4
Q

Catalyst

A

a molecule that catalyses a biological reaction

5
Q

Catabolic Reaction

A

lower energy level products. One substrate is broken down into two or more products, releasing energy

6
Q

Anabolic Reaction

A

higher energy level products. Two or more substrates are built up in one product, using energy

7
Q

Endergonic

A

reaction that requires energy

8
Q

Exergonic

A

reaction that produces energy

9
Q

Activation Energy

A

minimum input energy reactant must possess to trigger a reaction to occur

10
Q

Denaturation

A

amino acids break, preventing normal chemical functioning

11
Q

Factors affecting enzymes

A

Temperature (Optimal temperature, below temp is slow, above temp it can become denatured)

pH (optimal pH)

concentration (higher enzyme concentration increases number of available active sites, increasing rate of reaction - higher substrate concentration increases rate of reaction but plateaus once all available active sites are taken)

12
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

Inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme and prevents substrate from binding; can be dislodged by changing environmental conditions

13
Q

Non-competitive Inhibition

A

inhibitor that binds to a site other than the active site and in doing so changes the shape of the active site, preventing substrates from binding; can’t be dislodged by changing environmental conditions

14
Q

Cofactors

A

inorganic; helps substrate fit better in the active site of enzyme; increases the rate of reaction

15
Q

Coenzyme

A

organic non-protein; damaged in the reaction. A new molecule is needed for each subsequent reaction. Assists enzymatic reaction by binding to active site, transforming into a catalytic molecule capable of binding to the substrate.

16
Q

ATP

A

coenzyme. An ATP molecule goes into the active site of an enzyme, the substrate/s come in and join/break and in the process the ATP is broken down into ADP

17
Q

ADP

A

broken down form of ATP

18
Q

NADH

A

energy carrier molecule involved in cellular respiration. Carries electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are broken off and used to power ATP synthesis

19
Q

NAD+

A

unloaded form of NADH