Structure And Replication Of DNA Flashcards
A section of DNA was 150 000 bases long and made up of 64% G-C. How many Thymine bases does it contain?
27,000
What is the name of the enzyme that replicates DNA?
DNA polymerase
Polymerase chain reaction replicates a sample of DNA many times. What term describes this process in PCR?
Amplification
Why is the leading strand of DNA replicated continuously?
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand
What is the function of DNA Ligase?
Joins fragments of DNA
correctly identify all the components of a DNA nucleotide?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base
Which components make up the backbone of the DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose sugar and Phosphate
During the process of polymerase chain reaction, DNA is heated to allow the heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate the strands of DNA.
To which temperature is the DNA heated, to allow the DNA to be replicated?
70°C and 80°C
What are the 3 uses for PCR
Solving paternity suits, diagnosing genetic disorders, and solving crimes
The items below refer to DNA replication.
- Replicated continuously
- Replicated in fragments
- Replication occurs towards the replication fork
- Replication occurs away from the replication fork
Which of these refer to the replication of the lagging strand?
2 and 4
During one stage of the polymerase chain reaction, the DNA heated to 70°C to 80°C. What is the reason for this?
To allow heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate DNA
Where does DNA polymerase add nucleotides?
3’ end of the newly forming strand
The following items refer to DNA and the genome.
1) Sequence of bases
2) Unique
3)Made up of nucleotides
Which statement(s) are true when describing the meaning of the term genetic code?
1 and 2 only
Which group is exposed on the 3’ end of the DNA strand?
Deoxyribose Sugar
Which is the molecule DNA polymerase needs to start replication?
Primer
The following statements summarise DNA replication.
1) DNA polymerase will add nucleotides using the complementary base pairing rule to the deoxyribose (3’) end of the new strand forming.
2) DNA is unwound and hydrogen bonds between bases are broken
3)Primer attaches to a short sequence on the DNA allowing the DNA polymerase to bind.
Which shows the process of DNA replication in the correct order?
2 → 3 → 1
What is meant by the term ‘genetic code’?
The sequence of bases on DNA
A section of double stranded DNA was found to contain 50,000 bases in total. If 13,000 of these bases were Cytosine, how many bases were Adenine?
12 000
When does DNA replication occur?
Prior to cell division
The items below relate to DNA replication.
1) Replicated continuously
2) Replicated in fragments
3) Replication occurs towards the replication fork
4) Replication occurs away from the replication fork
Which of these refer to the replication of the leading strand?
1 and 3
During one stage of the polymerase chain reaction, the DNA is heated to 50°C to 65°C. What is the reason for this?
To allow the primers to bind to target sequences on the strands
The correct order of events in the process of DNA replication?
DNA is unwound
Primer attaches
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides
During the process of polymerase chain reaction, DNA is cooled to allow the primers to bind.
To which temperatures is the DNA is cooled?
50°C and 65°C
What is the correct definition of the process of polymerase chain reaction?
Amplifies DNA using complementary primers for specific target sequences
