Structure Fire

Question 1

What can be achieved by manipulating the fire triangle?

Answer 1

More effective control and extinguishment of structural fires

Question 2

What is Pyrolysis?

Answer 2

The decomposition of a substance caused by heat

Question 3

What is latent heat of vaporisation?

Answer 3

The amount of heat required to change a given mass of substance from liquid to a vapour

Question 4

What is heat release rate?

Answer 4

Amount of heat energy released over time

Question 5

What is a flash point?

Answer 5

The lowest point a substance produces flammable vapour

Question 6

What is a flame point?

Answer 6

The lowest temperature at which a substance produces a vapour that can sustain a continuous flame

Question 7

What is auto ignition temperature?

Answer 7

Temperature at which fuel will ignite on its own

Question 8

What is the neutral plane?

Answer 8

The area between the under pressure (fresh air) and over pressure ( hot fire gasses)

Question 9

Why does a gravity current occur?

Answer 9

Because fresh air is denser than hot gases existing within the compartment

Question 10

What is Thorntons rule?

Answer 10

Each KG of O2 used in combustion results in the release of 13.1MJ of energy.

More 02 increase heat release rate

Question 11

What is Charles law?

Answer 11

The volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

Gasses expand when heated
Gasses become less dense and will rise

Question 12

What is Gay Lussacs law?

Answer 12

The volume of a gas remains the same and temperature is increased, pressure increases in proportion to the absolute temperature of the gas.

When gasses are confined and heated, pressure increases

Increased pressure indicates higher temperatures

Question 13

What is a fuel controlled fire?

Answer 13

A fire that has ample oxygen but not adequate fuel

Question 14

What is a ventilation controlled fire?

Answer 14

A fire that has adequate fuel, but not enough air

Question 15

What are the four stages of a fire?

Answer 15

Developing
Flash over
Fully developed
Decay

Question 16

What are the signs of flashover?

Answer 16

Ventilation controlled, vented fire
Painful radiant heat
Low turbulent neutral plane
Fingers of flame through smoke
Hot surfaces
Increased rate of pyrolysis
Increased turbulence of the neutral plane

Question 17

Signs of a backdraught?

Answer 17

Ventilation controlled, non vented fire
Lack of visibility
Dirty smoke
Smoke pulsating through small gaps and openings
Air being drawn in
Indicators of extreme heat ( Blistering paintwork, crazing glass)

Question 18

What is a fire gas explosion?

Answer 18

An event that occurs in a seperate compartment from Origin fire.

Question 19

Signs of a fuel controlled fire?

Answer 19

Developing fire
High neutral plane
Better visibility
Bright yellow flame
Fire in decay stage

Question 20

Signs of a ventilation controlled fire?

Answer 20

Fully developed fire
Low neutral plane
Poor visibility
Air being drawn back into fire
Smouldering fire
Smoke pulsating out of openings
Whistling sound

Question 21

What is the purpose of a direct attack?

Answer 21

To extinguish the fire by directly cooling burning material using jet

Question 22

What is the aim of exterior water application?

Answer 22

To support interior operations by applying water onto fire asap

Question 23

What is the purpose of an indirect attack?

Answer 23

To extinguish fire by generating large volumes of steam. Usually used when fire is fully involved to suppress a potential backdraught risk

Question 24

What is gas cooling?

Answer 24

Gas cooling techniques are used to control the fire environment while firefighters advance during fire attack.
By cooling gases below their auto ignition temps firefighters can prevent further fire spread and potential for flashover

Question 25

What is the key to effective water use?

Answer 25

To place water where it is most needed. In the hot fire gases and on burning combustibles

Question 26

A fire attack crew should never ignore a?

Answer 26

Victim

Question 27

A search and rescue crew should never ignore a?

Answer 27

Fire

Question 28

What floors should be prioritised during search and rescue in a high rise?

Answer 28

Fire floor Floor above fire floor Top floor

Question 29

Signs of blow torch effect?

Answer 29

Pulsing smoke Working fire Ventilation controlled vented fire Noticeable winds

Question 30

What is salvage?

Answer 30

Actions taken during and immediately after the fire to minimise damage caused by fire and the water used to extinguish it

Question 31

Signs of impending collapse?

Answer 31

Falling plaster, mortar, bricks or from walls or ceilings Cancerous concrete spalling Walls leaning or bulging Ceilings sagging Floors spongy or springy Gaps appearing in between walls, beams or ceilings or walls and floors Cracked or sagging arches over door or window openings Displacement of supporting pillars, joists or beams

Question 32

What is overhaul?

Answer 32

The systematic checking, turning over and wetting down of structural materials and contents to ensure that no pockets of fire still exist

Question 33

Class A fires

Answer 33

Ordinary combustibles ed wood’s plastics paper etc

Question 34

Class B fires?

Answer 34

Flammable and combustible liquids

Question 35

Class C fires?

Answer 35

Flammable gases

Question 36

What fires do you use water extinguishers on?

Answer 36

Class A

Question 37

What class fires do you use a foam extinguisher on?

Answer 37

Class B

Question 38

What fires do you use dry chemical on?

Answer 38

A,B,E

Question 39

What class fire would you use wet chem on?

Answer 39

Class F

Question 40

Why do you ventilate?

Answer 40

To remove heat and gases and introduce fresh air after fire control has been established