Structure of Animal Cells

Question 1

English natural philosopher and polymath, developed the ___, described microscopic anatomy, and coined the term “cell”.
Discovered the cell.

Answer 1

Robert Hooke
Compound microscope

Question 2

Discovered ____ that causes diarrhea.
___ and ___.
Used a single-lens microscope.

Answer 2

Giardia lamblia
Bacteria, Protozoa
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Three important people in cell theory are

Answer 3

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow

Question 4

Plant cells come from pre-existing cells

Answer 4

Schleiden

Question 5

Animal cells come from pre-existing cells

Answer 5

Schwann

Question 6

All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.

Answer 6

Virchow

Question 7

Cell Theory 3 Principles

Answer 7

1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms
3. New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division

Question 8

Characteristics of life

Answer 8

1. Organization
2. Assimilation
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
5. Responsiveness
6. Movement
7. Self-replication

Question 9

No true nucleus
Simple
DNA is naked
Average size is ___ micrometer

Answer 9

Prokaryotic cells
0.1 - 10 micrometer

Question 10

Has nucleus
Complex
Double membrane bounded organelles
DNA with histones
Average size is ___ micrometer

Answer 10

Eukaryotic
10 - 100 micrometer

Question 11

Prokaryotic organism

Answer 11

Monera

Question 12

Eukaryotic microorganisms

Answer 12

Protist, fungi, animalia, plantae

Question 13

Most common cell shapes

Answer 13

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 14

Wider than it is tall; flat cells
Ex: cheek cells

Answer 14

Squamous

Question 15

Equal width length

Answer 15

Cuboidal

Question 16

Taller than it is wide
Ex: Epithelial cells

Answer 16

Columnar

Question 17

Many sides

Answer 17

Polygonal

Question 18

Ex: neurons shape

Answer 18

Stellate

Question 19

Ex: White Blood cells

Answer 19

Spheroid

Question 20

Also known as biconcave
Ex: Red Blood cells

Answer 20

Discoid

Question 21

Spindle-shaped
Wider at the center, narrower in the sides
Ex: Smooth muscle cells

Answer 21

Fusiform

Question 22

Long and elongated

Answer 22

Fibrous

Question 23

Muscle fibers

Answer 23

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 24

Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions.
Embedded within the cytoplasm.
Membrane bound or non-membrane bound.

Answer 24

Organelles

Question 25

Phospholipid and proteins bilayer Gatekeeper

Answer 25

Cell or Plasma membrane

Question 26

Parts of a plasma membrane

Answer 26

Membrane Lipids, Membrane Proteins, Membrane Carbohydrates

Question 27

Plasma membrane protein that binds to chemical messengers.

Answer 27

Receptor

Question 28

Plasma membrane protein that breaks down a chemical messenger and terminates its effects.

Answer 28

Enzyme

Question 29

Plasma membrane protein that is constantly open and allows ions to pass through.

Answer 29

Ion Channel

Question 30

Plasma membrane protein that opens and closes to allow ions through only at certain times.

Answer 30

Gated Ion Channel

Question 31

A plasma membrane glycoprotein acting to distinguish the body's own cells.

Answer 31

Cell-identity marker

Question 32

Plasma membrane protein that binds one cell to another.

Answer 32

Cell-adhesion molecules

Question 33

Synthesis of lipids Metabolism of carbohydrates Detoxification of drugs and poisons Storage of calcium ions

Answer 33

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 34

ATP synthesis Powerhouse of the cell

Answer 34

Mitochondria

Question 35

Contains the genetic material Control center One nucleus/cell except: __, __ __ cells, and __.

Answer 35

Nucleus RBCs, skeletal muscle cells, osteoclasts

Question 36

The cell's genetic material Genetic blueprint Direct protein synthesis

Answer 36

DNA

Question 37

Non-membranous organelle Made up of 2 ribosomal units (rRNA + ribosomal proteins) Protein factory

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

Attached ribosome

Answer 38

rER

Question 39

Unattached ribosomes

Answer 39

Cystosol

Question 40

Non-membranous pair of short cylindrical structures of microtubules that lie at right angles at each other at the centrosome. Spindle microtubule formation.

Answer 40

Centriole

Question 41

Double membrane pierced by many nuclear pores. Outer membrane continuous with the rER.

Answer 41

Nuclear envelope / membrane

Question 42

Consists of DNA and histone proteins Threadlike Chromatin in non-dividing cells

Answer 42

Chromosomes

Question 43

Chromosomes vital roles

Answer 43

Cell division Heredity Variation Mutation Repair Regeneration

Question 44

Membrane-bound cell organelle Small and help sequester waste products or contain stored food.

Answer 44

Vacuole

Question 45

Vacuole that helps sequester waste products

Answer 45

Waste vacuole

Question 46

Vacuole that contains food

Answer 46

Food vacuole

Question 47

Dark-staining, non-membranous, spherical body within the nucleus. Composed of proteins and RNA Produces the small and large subunits of ribosome (rRNA + proteins) Presence and relative number indicate the protein synthesis activity.

Answer 47

Nucleolus

Question 48

Flattened interconnected sacs studded with ribosomes Secretory proteins Cellular membranes

Answer 48

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 49

Flattened interconnected sacs / membrane eclosed sacs

Answer 49

Cisternae

Question 50

Stack of membrane-enclosed sacs Distinct polarity: cis-face and trans-face Synthesize polysaccharides, modified by addition of proteins to produce proteglycans. Modifies, packages, sorts, and distinguishes products from ER. Extensive in cells specialized for secretion

Answer 50

Golgi Apparatus

Question 51

Discovered Golgi apparatus

Answer 51

Camillo Golgi

Question 52

Distinct polarity of golgi apparatus

Answer 52

cis-face and trans-face

Question 53

Region outside the nucleus Contains watery solution (cytosol) where organelles, cytoskeleton, and inclusions are located Gel-like consistency Medium for chemical reactions

Answer 53

Cytoplasm

Question 54

latin word that means to break down

Answer 54

lys

Question 55

latin word that means body

Answer 55

soma

Question 56

Membrane bound, degradative organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes Intracellular digestive system Autophagy and autolysis

Answer 56

Lysosome

Question 57

Selective self-digestion of worn-out organelles.

Answer 57

Autophagy

Question 58

Destroys old, weakened cell and its organelles.

Answer 58

Autolysis

Question 59

watery solution, intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 59

Cytosol

Question 60

Cytoplasm parts

Answer 60

Organelles, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and cytosol

Question 61

Extensions of the cell surface

Answer 61

Microvilli Cilia Flagella Pseudopods

Question 62

7.5 micrometer Discoidal biconcave No nucleus at maturity

Answer 62

Red blood cells / Erythrocytes

Question 63

12.5 micrometer Spherical spheroidal Visible nucleus Variable nuclear shapes

Answer 63

White blood cells / Leucocytes

Question 64

60 micrometers Squamous Visible nucleus Centrally located nucleus

Answer 64

Cheek cells

Question 65

Receives molecules from the ER

Answer 65

Cis-face

Question 66

Releases modified molecules to other parts of the cell.

Answer 66

Trans-face

Question 67

Releases modified molecules to other parts of the cell.

Answer 67

Trans-face

Question 68

Cells that break down old bone to make room for new bone growth

Answer 68

Osteoclasts

Question 69

Small folds in the plasma membrane that increase the cell's surface area.

Answer 69

Microvilli

Question 70

Long-whiplike extensions that helps some single-celled organisms to move.

Answer 70

Flagella

Question 71

Microscopic hair-like projection that line the respiratory, reproductive, and digestive system.

Answer 71

Cilia

Question 72

Primarily used for movement (locomotion) and capturing food by engulfing prey.

Answer 72

Pseudopods