structure of ANS 1

Question 1

where do preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate?

Answer 1

the thoracocolumbar region of the spinal cord

Question 2

where do preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate?

Answer 2

craniosacral region of spinal cord (usually brainstem)

Question 3

where do postganglionic sympathetic neurons come from?

Answer 3

IN GANGLIA which come from the paravertebral chain or the pre vertebral chain

Question 4

where do postganglionic parasympathetic neurons come from?

Answer 4

FROM Ganglia which originate in or near the target organ

Question 5

which autonomic nervous system has short preganglionic fibres and long postganglionic fibres?

Answer 5

sympathetic

Question 6

which autonomic nervous system has long preganglionic fibres and short post ganglionic fibres?

Answer 6

parasympathetic

Question 7

what route do preganglionic SYMPATHETIC neurones take from the CNS to reach structures in the head (e.g. dilator muscle of iris)

Answer 7

leave the CNS, travel up in the parasympathetic chain and synapse on a higher up ganglia.

Question 8

what route do preganglionic SYMPATHETIC neurones take from the CNS to reach structures in the body wall (e.g. sweat glands etc)

Answer 8

leave the CNS and synapses on a postganglionic neurone at a ganglia at the same level

Question 9

what route do preganglionic SYMPATHETIC neurones take from the CNS to reach structures of the lower limb?

Answer 9

leaves the CNS, travels down in the paravertebral chain and synapses on a ganglia further down

Question 10

what route do preganglionic SYMPATHETIC neurones take from the CNS to reach viscera of abdominopelvic cavity (e.g. stomach and intestines)

Answer 10

leave the CNS, synapse in pre vertebral chain.

Question 11

which sympathetic pre vertebral ganglia supplies the liver, spleen, stomach, small intestine, proximal colon, kidneys?

Answer 11

the celiac ganglion

Question 12

which sympathetic pre vertebral ganglia supplies the distal colon?

Answer 12

superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 13

which sympathetic pre vertebral ganglia supplies the rectum, urinary bladder and genitalia?

Answer 13

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 14

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart?

Answer 14

decreases heart rate (RATE ONLY)

Question 15

wha is the effect of the sympathetic Nervous system on the heart?

Answer 15

increases it (increases heart RATE and force of contraction too)

Question 16

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the digestive tract?

Answer 16

increases motility and secretion

Question 17

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the digestive system?

Answer 17

decreases motility and secretion

Question 18

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the lungs?

Answer 18

bronchoconstriction

Question 19

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the lungs?

Answer 19

bronchodilation

Question 20

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the bladder?

Answer 20

release of urine (constriction of visceral detrusor muscles and relaxation of sphincter muscles)

Question 21

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the bladder?

Answer 21

urinary retention (relaxation of visceral smooth muscle and constriction of sphincter muscles)

Question 22

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the pupil?

Answer 22

constricts (miosis)

Question 23

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the pupil?

Answer 23

dilates (mydriasis)

Question 24

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the male sexual organs?

Answer 24

erection

Question 25

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the male sexual organs?

Answer 25

ejaculation

Question 26

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on blood vessels?

Answer 26

mostly no effect

Question 27

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the blood vessels?

Answer 27

constriction mostly - increases Bp and HR

Question 28

what is the effect of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems on the salivary glands?

Answer 28

both increase secretion

Question 29

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the sweat glands?

Answer 29

no effect

Question 30

what s the effect off the sympathetic nervous system on the sweat glands?

Answer 30

increase secretion

Question 31

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the liver?

Answer 31

no effect

Question 32

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the liver?

Answer 32

glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 33

what is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the pilomotor?

Answer 33

no effect

Question 34

what is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on pilomotor?

Answer 34

piloerection

Question 35

what effects does the sympathetic nervous system have on the two muscles of the bladder when the bladder is FILLING?

Answer 35

relaxation of detrusor muscles | contraction of internal sphincter muscles

Question 36

what effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on the two muscles of the bladder when the bladder is fun (to empty it)?

Answer 36

constriction if detrusor muscles and relaxation of internal spinster muscles

Question 37

how does sympathetic innervation of the adrenal medulla cause the release of adrenaline (80%) and noradrenaline (20%)?

Answer 37

preganglionic fibres synapses diresti onto chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla

Question 38

what neurotransmitter do all preganglionic nerurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems release into the ganglia?

Answer 38

ACh

Question 39

what type of receptors are present in the postganglionic neurons in the ganglia of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Answer 39

nicotinic receptors

Question 40

what neurotransmitter do ALL postganglionic parasympathetic neurons realease?

Answer 40

ACh

Question 41

what neurotransmitter do MOST postganglionic sympathetic neurons release?

Answer 41

noradrenaline

Question 42

which is the only target organ of the sympathetic nervous system are stimulated by ACh on muscarinic receptors?

Answer 42

sweat glands