Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

paper 1 pe > structure of heart > Flashcards

structure of heart Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what splits up heart into two

A

muscular wall septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

charactertistics of atriums

A

thinner muscular walls than ventircles as only ahve to push blood down to ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

charactersutics of ventricles

A

thicker muscular walls as need greater force of contraction to push blood out of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the right side of heart do

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does left side of the heart do

A

pumps blood all around body so much larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

blood vessels of heart

A

vena cava-brings deoxygenated blood back to right atrium
pulmonery artery-takes deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs

study tip: VAPA

pulmonery vein-brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium
aarota-takes oxygenated blood from left ventricle to rest of body
study tip: PVA glue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do valves do

A

assure blood flows in only 1 direction

prevent blood backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

names of two valves in heart and their location

A

tricuspid valve-between rigth atrium and ventircle

bicuspid valve-between left atrium and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cardiac conduction system 4 parts

A

sa node
av node
bundle of his
punjkji fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does the cardiac conduction system do

A

group of cells located in wall of heart which send elctrical impulses to the cardiac muscle causing it to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sa node

A

pacemaker
heart muscle described as myogenic as starts the beat itself (self regulating)
with electical signal in SA node (sinoatrial node)
signal speads through heart in wave of excitation
impulse spreads through walls of atria, causing them to contract and forcing blood to ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AV node

A

delays the transmission of cardiac umpluse for approximaelty 0.1 seconds to allow atria to fully contract before ventricular systole begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bundle of his

A

then pass through fibres which form the bundle of his
located in septum, seperate the ventricles into two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

punkji fibres

A

bundle of his then branches out into two bundle branches and then moves into smaller bundles called punkji fibres
spread throughout ventricles causing them to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

av node

A

delays the transmission of cardiac impulse by 0.1 secs to allow atria to fully contract before ventricular systole begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bundle of his

A

located in septum
branches out into two bundles and then moves into smaller bundles (punkji fibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

punkji fibres

A

spread throughout ventricles causing them to fully contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sympathic nervous system

A

stimulates heart to beat faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

returns heart rate back to resting level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what 2 systems are nervous sytem made up of

A

central nervous sytem-bain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous sytem-cells which transmit info to and from CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

medualla oblagata

A

contains CCc (CARDIAC CONTROL CENTRE) which is stimulated by chemoreceptors, baroreceptors and proporioreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chemorecetors

A

sense chemical changes
excercise, detect increase in CO2
co2 import in controlling HR
increase in concetration of c02, stimulates sympathetic nervous system, increases heart to beat faster (HR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

baroreceptors

A

sense changes in blood pressure
establish a set point for blood pressure
any increase or decrease from set point, signal to meduall in brain
increase in artieral pressure, increase in stretch of baroreceptors, decrease in heart rate

decrease in arterial pressure, decrease in stretch of barorecpetors, increase in HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

proprioreceptors

A

decect changes in muscle movemebt
start of execise, decet increasse in muscle movement
send signal to medulla
sends signal through sympathiec nervous sytem
to SAN to increase HR

signals parasyapthic nervous sytem, HR decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
homronal control mechanism
release of adrenaline stimulaes sa node increase in both speed and force of contraction increases cardiac ouput more blood pumped out to working muscles so can recieve more oxygen
26
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out of heart ventricles per contraction
27
venous return
volume of blood returning back to heart via the veins
28
what does SV depend on
venous return-if venous return increases so does sv, more blood entering the heart, more blood leaving geart elasticity of the cardiac fibres-about starlings law greater the stretch of cariac muscle, greater the force of contacrtion, greater the force of contactiom increase ejection fraction
29
disatole phase
heart relaxes to fill up with blood
30
what is ejection fraction
the percentage of blood pumped out of left ventricles per beat
31
starlings law
increased venous return, greater diastolic filling phase, cardiac muscle stretched, more force of contraction, increased ejection fraction
32
cardiac output
volume of blood leaving heart venticles per minute
33
how do you work out cardiac ouput
SV times HR
34
how do you figre out max heart rate
220-age
35
cardiac hypertrophy
heart gets bigger and stronger
36
bradycardia
decrease in resting heart rate bwloe 60 bpm
37
what is the relationshi between cardiac output and increase in exercise
increase in exercice, causes increase in hr, therefore sv, therefore cardiac ouput
38
what is the response of SV to exercise
increases as exercise intensity increases only up to 40-60% max effort then it plateus this is sue to shorter diastolicc philling phase, so ventricles do not have as much time to fill up with blood so can not pump as much out
39
how does CHD happen
conaray heart disease caused by conaray crteries, supply heart muscle with oxygenated blood, become blocked or start to narrow due to build up of fatty depositts-process called atherosclerosis fatty deposits are called atheroma
40
what causes artherscelorisis
smoking lack of exercise high levels of cholestrol
41
what is the pain and discomfot called
agina happens due to conoary anteries nt being able t deliver enough oxygen to heart causing pain and discomfort
42
what happens if fatty deposit breaks off
can cause a blood clot results in blockage forming and cut off oxygenated blood getting to heart can cause Heat attack
43
what are the two types of cholestrol
LDL-classed as bad cholestral link t heart disease HDL-good cholestral as reduce risk of heart disease
44
what is cardiovascular drift
gradual increase in HR even tho intensity stays the same occurs during prolgonged exercise (over 10 minutes) warm conditions
45
how does carsdiovascaulr druft take place
due to sweat portion of lost fluid volume comes from plasma volume decrease in plasma volume reduces SV and venous return heart trate increasses to compensate and maintain cardiac output to attempt to create energy to cool body down to minimmise cardiovascaulr dift, important to maintain high fluid consumption before and during exercise
46
venous return
return of blood to right side of heart via the vena cava
47
what are the 3 venous return mechnisms
skeletal muscle pump repiratory pump pocket valves
48
skeletal muscle pump
when muscles contract and relax, change shape change in shape means muscles press on neraby veins causing pumping efefct and squeezing blood back to heart
49
repsiratory pump
when muscles contract and relax, pressure chnages changes in pressure press nearby veins, causing blood to push back to heart
50
pocket valves
prevent blood backflow assure blood flows in one direction therefore, more blood back to heart
51
impact of blood pressure on venous return
when systolic pressure increases so does venous return when systolic pressure decreases so does venous return
52
transportation of oxygen in capilleries
dissolves in capilleris 3 perectn dissolve into plasma 97% combine with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
53
transportaion of oxygen in tissues
oxygen released form oxyhaemoglin due to lower pressure there (oxyhemoglobin dissociation)
54
transwporation of oxygen in muscles
oxygen stored in myglobin higher affinity for oxygen and stores oxygen for mitochrondiea where aerobic repsiration takes place
55
what is the bohr shift
s shape curve shifts to the right when there is an increase in blood carbon dixoxide, decrease in PH results in a reduction in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
56
what is vascualr shunt mechnism
redistirbtuion of blood flow to areas where it is most needed known also as shunting
57
why should perfomers not eat less than an hour before comp
as blood will be distributed towards stomach rather than working muscles
58
vasoconstriction
narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow into the capilleries
59
vasodilation
widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow into the capilleries
60
what is the VO2 difference
difference in the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous return leaving the muscles

paper 1 pe (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions