skill acqualisation

Question 1

characteristics of skill

Answer 1

Aesthetically pleasing
Consistent
Efficient
Fluent
Accurate
Controlled
Economical

Question 2

what is a skill

Answer 2

learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both

Question 3

open and closed skills

Answer 3

open skill-when sporting environment is unpredictable and changes frequently

closed skill- a skill performed in predictable environment

can easily be repeated
fewer decisions to make

Question 4

gross and fine skills

Answer 4

gross skill-skill performed using large muscle groups

e.g shoulder muscles

fine skill-skill that uses smaller muscle groups

requires control and precision

Question 5

sport examples of gross and fine skill

Answer 5

gross-rugby tackle

fine-darts

Question 6

self paced and externally paced skills

Answer 6

self paced-performer has control over speed and start of performance

externally paced-performer has no control over start and speed of skill

Question 7

sporting examples of self paced and externally paced skills

Answer 7

self paced- taking a penalty

externally paced- runner running from sound of gun

Question 8

discrete contrinous and serial skills

Answer 8

discrete-clear beginning and end

one sharp action

continuous skill-no clear beginning and end

often end of sub routine of skill is start of the next part

serial skill-skill that contains several discrete skills in order to make continuous movement

Question 9

example of discrete continuous and serial skills

Answer 9

discrete-tennis serve as sharp action

continuous-cycle
action of pedalling can be repeated continuously until task completed

serial skill-gymnastics,dance or trampolining routines

Question 10

high and low organised skills

Answer 10

low organised skill-skill easily broken down

highly organised skill-skill not easily broken down into parts

Question 11

sporting examples of low and high organised skills

Answer 11

low-swimming stroke because arm action can easily be identified and practised separately

high-tennis serve
quick action can not be easily broken down

Question 12

simple and complex skills

Answer 12

simple skill-skill that requires fee decisions when being performed

complex skill-skill that requires decision making using lots of information when performed

Question 13

sporting examples of simple and complex skills

Answer 13

simple-front roll

complex-dribble i’m hockey

Question 14

what are the names of the 4 types of transfer of learning

Answer 14

postive
negative
zero
bilateral

Question 15

positive transfer definition and sporting example

Answer 15

learning of one skill aids/helps the learning of another

e.g shooting in netball helps shooting in basketball

passing in netball helps passing in basketball

Question 16

negative transfer definition and sporting example

Answer 16

learning of one skill hinders the learning of another

may be due to the actions being too similar which causes confusion

e.g badminton and tennis serves

Question 17

zero transfer definition and sporting example

Answer 17

learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another

e.g rock climbing and swimming arm action

Question 18

bilateral transfer definition and sporting example

Answer 18

when the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb

e.g practicing shooting on left foot, then helps shooting on right

Question 19

what are the names of the 4 methods of presenting practice

Answer 19

whole practice
whole part whole practice
progressive part practice
massed practice

Question 20

whole practice definition and sporting example

Answer 20

practicing the skill in its entirety without breaking it into sub routines

e.g golf swing

Question 21

when may coach decide to use whole practice

Answer 21

skill is fast ballistic and discrete such as sharp action of tennis serve

skill is highly organised meaning cannot be easily broken down

skill is simple so does not require much through so fewer demands are placed on performer

Question 22

adv of whole practice

Answer 22

helps create specific images
can be stored in motor programme

makes skill consistent-help performer have good habits and perform skill automatically

Question 23

did of whole practice

Answer 23

performer may not be able to cope with demands of task if beginner

could get fatigue/too much info for beginner to process

Question 24

whole part whole practice definition and sporting example for

Answer 24

assessing skill, identifying weakness to practice, then putting the skill back together

e.g beginner learning a complex task
breaking it apart and then repeating the whole skill all together

Question 25

adv of whole part whole practice

Answer 25

motivation increased when long standing weakness is corrected

Question 26

dis of whole part whole practice

Answer 26

time consuming may produce negative transfer

Question 27

progressive part practice

Answer 27

practicing first part of the skill then adding parts gradually also be called chaining

Question 28

sport example of progressive part practice

Answer 28

dance routine developed by teaching each part of the sequence in order first part of routine taught, second part added on, so on until sequence completed

Question 29

adv of progressive part practice

Answer 29

allows performer to focus on one aspect of the task and correct specific weaknesses learner can rest so fatigue is reduced

Question 30

massed practice

Answer 30

no rest intervals during the practice session continuous

Question 31

adv of massed practice

Answer 31

promotes fitness practicing without rests makes skill become more automatic motor programmes can be stored more easily

Question 32

dis of massed practice

Answer 32

produce fatigue danger of negative transfer

Question 33

distributed practice

Answer 33

rest intervals are given during practice session

Question 34

adv of distributed practice

Answer 34

takes pressure off performers good for beginners

Question 35

dis of distributed practice

Answer 35

time consuming should not be used when training session is tight

Question 36

varied practice

Answer 36

changing the practice type and practice drills so that players learn to adapt changes

Question 37

adv of varied practice

Answer 37

change in tasks, increases motivation

Question 38

dis of varied practice

Answer 38

time consuming

Question 39

mental practice

Answer 39

going over skill in the mind without movement before event or part of practice

Question 39

adv of mental practice

Answer 39

improves confidence and lowers anxiety improves decision making of player

Question 40

what are the names of the three stages of learning

Answer 40

cognitive associative autonomous

Question 41

cognitive stage of learning

Answer 41

first stage of learning used by novice used by coping demonstrations motor programme not developed movements are slow and uncoordinated use trial and error-have a go at skill, thinking and adapting actions, then do it again to see if any improvements have been made

Question 42

associative stage

Answer 42

performer moves from being beginner to accomplished performer needs lots of practice motor programme is forming feedback becomes more internal movements become smoother and coordinated

Question 43

autonomous stage

Answer 43

actions are fluent and efficient actions automatically undertaken can concentrate on fine details of a task motor programme formed

Question 44

positive feedback

Answer 44

encouragement

Question 45

negative feedback

Answer 45

error correction

Question 46

intrinsic feedback

Answer 46

from within