structures

Question 1

describe the three types of giant lattice

Answer 1

ionic, covalent network, metallic

Question 2

describe ionic bonding

Answer 2

• metals + non-metals, eg. sodium chloride
• contains ions
• bonded by the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
• high MP + BP
• hard and brittle substances
• only conduct when molten or in solution
• soluble

Question 3

describe covalent bonding

Answer 3

• non-metal + non-metal, eg. diamond
• contains many covalently bonded atoms
• high MP + BP due to many covalent bonds
• very hard substances
• only graphite can conduct electricity due to free e-
• insoluble

Question 4

describe metallic bonding

Answer 4

• metal + metal
• contains positive metal ions and delocalised electrons
• bonded by attraction between the positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
• high MP + BP due to the strong attractions
• hard and malleable
• conducts electricity due to the delocalised electrons
• insoluble

Question 5

describe simple molecular bonding

Answer 5

• non-metal + non-metal
• shared pairs of electrons covalently bonded
• low MP + BP due to weak intermolecular forces
• soft substance
• doesn’t conduct electricity
• some are soluble if they can form hydrogen bonds with water