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Biology 20 > Structures and Functions (Body Systems) > Flashcards

Structures and Functions (Body Systems) Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Trachea

A

the windpipe, transports air from pharynx and larynx to the bronchi, and transports carbon dioxide and water up

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2
Q

Epiglottis

A

the structure that covers the glottis (opening of the trachea) during swallowing, to stop liquid and food from entering the trachea, and leads it to the esophagus

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3
Q

Glottis

A

the opening of the trachea

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4
Q

Larynx

A

the voice box

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5
Q

Bronchi

A

the passages from the trachea to the left and right lung through the bronchioles

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6
Q

Bronchiole

A

transports air from the bronchi to the alveoli, controls the amount of air distributed into the lung by constricting and dilating

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7
Q

Alveoli

A

sacs of the lung in which gas exchange occurs

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8
Q

Diaphragm

A

a sheet of muscle that separates the organs of the thoracic cavity from those of the abdominal cavity, relaxes and contracts to decrease and increase the pressure in the thoracic cavity, respectively

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9
Q

Intercostal Muscle

A

a muscle that raises and lowers the rib cage

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10
Q

Artery

A

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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11
Q

Vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

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12
Q

Septum

A

a wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart

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13
Q

Atrium

A

a thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins

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14
Q

Ventricle

A

a muscular, think-walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries

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15
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Valve

A

a heart valve that prevents the backflow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium

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16
Q

Semilunar Valve

A

a valve that prevents the backflow of blood from an artery into a ventricle

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17
Q

Aorta

A

carries the oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle, to the body

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18
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

a small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat

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19
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

a small mass of tissue in the right AV region through which impulses from the SA node are passed to the ventricles

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20
Q

Purkinje Fibre

A

a nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles

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21
Q

Ureter

A

a tube that conducts urine from the kidneys and renal pelvis to the bladder

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22
Q

Urethra

A

the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body

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23
Q

Cortex

A

the outer layer of the kidney, filters blood and removes unwanted substances out of the body

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24
Q

Medulla

A

the area inside of the cortex, contains nephrons, which maintain the balance of water and salt within the blood

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25
Renal Pelvis
the hollow area where the kidney joins the ureter, collects urine from the nephrons
26
Collecting Duct
a tube that carries urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis
27
Lips
used to judge the temperature and texture of foods
28
Teeth
used to chew (masticate) food into small pieces
29
Tongue
facilitates the movement of food around the mouth during chewing and assists in swallowing
30
Salivary Glands
secretes saliva at the smell and taste of food, the secretion of saliva begins the breakdown of food
31
Pharynx (digestive system)
receives food from mouth and delivers it to the esophagus
32
Esophagus
carries the food to the stomach
33
Stomach
holds food while it is being mixed with the enzymes that break food down into a usable form. the lining of the stomach secretes a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the break down process.
34
Small Intestine (duodenum)
lots of digestion and absorption
35
Small Intestine (jejunum)
little digestion, lots of absorption
36
Small Intestine (ileum)
little to no digestion, some absorption
37
Large Intestine
responsible for processing waste, so emptying bowels is easy and efficient, removes water to convert stool from a liquid to a solid
38
Rectum
connects the colon to the anus, receives stool from the large intestine, holds stool until it is ready to be evacuated
39
Anus
controls release of stool
40
Anal Sphincter
muscle that controls the release of stool
41
Liver
processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine
42
Bile Duct
carries bile from the gallbladder and empties it into the upper part of the small intestine
43
Gall Bladder
stores and concentrates bile, releases the bile into the duodenum to help absorb and digest fats
44
Pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
45
Nasal Cavity
warms and filters incoming air, breathes our carbon dioxide and water
46
Oral Cavity
takes in and warms incoming air, breathes out carbon dioxide and water
47
Pharynx (respiratory system)
transports air, also filters the air with mucus, before the air enters the larynx
48
Lung
contains structures for gas exchange, expands and retracts with the diaphragm and inter--coastal muscles to affect the pressure in the thoracic cavity
49
Pulmonary Artery
carries the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, to the lungs
50
Superior Vena Cava
carries the deoxygenated blood from the body, to the right atrium
51
Pulmonary Vein
carries the oxygenated blood from the lungs, to the left atrium
52
Right Atrium
pumps the blood from the Vena Cava, to the right ventricle
53
Left Atrium
pumps the blood from the pulmonary veins, to the left ventricle
54
Right Ventricle
pumps the blood from the right atrium, to the pulmonary artery
55
Left Ventricle
pumps the blood from the left atrium, to the aorta
56
Inferior Vena Cava
carries the deoxygenated blood from the body, to the right atrium
57
Pulmonary Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the pulmonary artery, back to the right ventricle
58
Tricuspid Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the right ventricle, back to the right atrium
59
Bicuspid Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the left ventricle, back to the left atrium
60
Aortic Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the aorta, back to the left ventricle
61
Kidney
after the body has taken what it needs from its food and drink, the kidneys filter the waste
62
Bladder
stores urine, which allows urine to be infrequent and voluntary
63
Renal Artery
brings waste filled blood into the kidneys for filtering in the nephrons
64
Renal Vein
removes the filtered blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

Biology 20 (5 decks)

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