Structures of the Endocrine System Flashcards
(19 cards)
- pea sized gland that is divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior lobes
- Secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands
Pituitary Glands
Ex. Of pituitary glands
Growth hormones AKA….
Somatotropic hormone
Ex. Of Pituitary glands
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor
Oxytocin
- Very small gland located in the central portion of the brain
- the secretions influence the sleep-wakefulness cycle (melatonin
Pineal Gland
- Butterfly shaped gland lies on either side of the larynx
- Primary function is to regulate the body’s metabolism
thyroid Gland
- the four ______ glands are about the size of a grain of rice
- embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
- regulates calcium levels throughout the body
- Calcium levels are important to they smooth functioning of the muscular and central nervous system
Parathyroid Glands
- Located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity
- Secretes a hormone that functions as a part of the immune system
- Function is greatly reduced after puberty
Thymus
- Feather shaped organ located posterior to the stomach and functions as part of the digestive and endocrine system
- pancreatic islets have endocrine functions
- Control blood glucose levels and glucose metabolism throughout th body
pancreas
Basic form of energy used by the body
Glucose
Secreted in response to low levels of glucose in the blood stream
Glucagon
secreted in response to high levels of glucose in the blood stream
Insulin
- Located on top of each kidney
- Control electrolytes levels in the body
Adrenal glands
_______ are mineral substances that are normally found in the blood and other body fluids (calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus)
Electrolytes
(Secretions of the Adrenal Glands)
* AKA adrenaline
* stimulates the systemic nervous system in response to physical injury or mental stress
Epinephrine
(Secretions of the Adrenal Glands)
* plays an important role in the “fight or flight response”
Norepinephrine
(Secretions of the Adrenal Glands)
*a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action
Cortisol
*Ovaries in females and testicles in males
* secretes hormones responsible for the development and maintenance oof the secondary sex characteristics that develop during puberty
* estrogen & testosterone
Gonads
(Specialized type of hormones)
* large family of hormones derived from cholesterol
* secretes by endocrine glands or artificially produced to reduce swelling and inflammation
Steroids
(Specialized type of hormones)
* Secreted by the fat cells and involved in the regulation of appetite
leptin
