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STRUGGLES Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what are the climate based ag zones

A
  • tropical (north)
  • subtropical (coastal east)
  • temperate (coastal South-east)
  • Mediterranean (south westt)
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2
Q

how much of their income do poor spend on food

A

50-70%

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3
Q

What do farming systems offer

A
  • context (allow for complexities of each individual farm)
  • identify challenges
  • acknowledge activities
  • deeper understanding
  • farmer’s perspective
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4
Q

What are farming systems based on

A
  • resources
  • livelihood
  • enterprise patterns
  • strategies
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5
Q

7 farming systems

A

1 irrigated
2 rainfed high humidity potential
3 rainfed steep highland
4 rainfed small scale in cold and dry
5 large scale commercial
6 coastal artisinal fishing and cereal
7 urban-based

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6
Q

what is the farming system that produces the most food in australia

A

large scale commercial

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7
Q

what 4 farming systems are still used by family farmers

A
  1. irrigated
  2. rainfed high humidity potential
  3. rainfed steep highland
  4. rainfed small scale in dry and cold
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8
Q

how much land is arable in Aus

A

46 million ha

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9
Q

how much land is non-arable in Aus

A

419 million ha

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10
Q

how much land is used for crops in aus

A

16 million ha

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11
Q

how much land is used for grasses in Aus

A

30 million ha

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12
Q

What are the 3 farming zones in Aus and their subdivisions

A
  1. High rainfall
    - sheep-beef sector
    - dairy sector
  2. Wheat-sheep zone
  3. Pastoral
    - northern
    - southern
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13
Q

Where is the High rainfall zone

A
  • coast of NSW, South Queensland, victoria, south east aus, south west aus and Tasmania
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14
Q

Characterisitcs of high rainfall zone

A
  • > 500mm rainfall py
  • sloping
  • southern areas have a winter pattern
  • northern areas have a summer pattern
  • major constraints = low temp or low moisture
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15
Q

characterisitics of beef-sheep sector (HRZ)

A
  • 6-9 months
  • beef production and wool
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16
Q

characterisitics of dairy sector (HRZ)

A
  • 300 to 1000 cows milked per farm
  • long growing season
  • high pasture yields
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17
Q

characteristics of wheat-sheep zone

A
  • 33% of total Aus output/export
  • 5-9 month season
  • cereal cropping (only in 200-600 mm areas)
  • 50-70% mixed farmland
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18
Q

characteristics of pastoral zones

A
  • arid (>200mm yr)
  • grazing = low stocking rate
  • larger areas
  • higher cost of transport (further away)
  • West/central Aus
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19
Q

characteristics of northern sector (P)

A
  • 25% land area occupied in Aus
  • low carrying capacity of 1 per 30-50 ha
  • very large
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20
Q

characteristics of southern sector (P)

A
  • 25% land area
  • 10% of total production of Aus
  • large areas
  • main feed is native grasses
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21
Q

what percentage of water is used by irriigation

A
  • 70%
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22
Q

how much land is irrigated

23
Q

when did domestication begin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 12,000 to 8000 BC
24
Q

what plants were domesticated in fertile cresent and when

Study These Flashcards
A
  • wheat, barley, peas, chickpea
  • 9000BC
25
what plants were domesticated in China and when
- rice, millet - 7500BC
26
what plants were domesticated in mesoamerica and when
- maize and beans - 3500BC
27
what plants were domesticated in Africa/sahel and when
- sorghum, millet, yam - 5000BC
28
what plants were domesticated in andes/amazonia and when
maize, lima bean, cotton - 3500BC
29
what plants were domesticated in New guinea and when
sugar cane, bananas - 7000BC
30
8 main crops
- wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, maize, millet, oats, rye - provide 75% food
31
Where and when were sheep domesticated
ferile cresent and 8000-8500BC
32
Where and when were goats domesticated
fetrile cresent and 8000 - 8500BC
33
Where and when were pigs domesticated
China 7500-8000BC
34
Where and when were cattle domesticated
- india - 6000-7000BC
35
Need to know dates
- 1825 = 1 billion - 1927 = 2 billion - 1960 = 3 bil and green revo
36
est population for 2050
9.7 billion
37
what percentage of grain is fed to livestock
- 30-70%
38
how much global water use is for agriculture
80%
39
what did the green revolution involve
- irrigation - mechanization - improved crop varieties and disease resistance - pesticides and fertilisers - instiittutional arrangements (awareness)
40
what percentage of runoff and groundwater are used for water sources
runoff = 6% groundwater = 94%
41
how much water does irriigation use
1000kl/ha/year
42
what is Ag2030 goal
to have $100billion per year value in agricultire
43
what is ANCERTA
Aus new zealand closer economic relations trade agreement
44
What is CPTPP
Comprehensive and progressive trans pacific partnership
45
what s RCEP
regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement - largest - 13 countries
46
compare intensive and extensive agriculture
intesive = smaller, fewer animals, more input costs, sell for more, coatsal and south extensive = larger, more animals, fewer input costs, slower growth rates, northern Aus
47
percentage of emission from ag
- 24%
48
What is breeding 2.0
- mendelian genetics - using breeding to influence genetics
49
inbred, hybrid, clones
inbred - self compatible hybrid - not self compatible clones - vegetatively propagated
50
what is true breeding
all offspring have same phenotype - occurs after 6-7 generations - gentically fixed(will be AA and aa only)
51
explain backcrossing
- take an existing good variety (P1) and cross with another species with a good trait. - trait is transferred to the good exisiting vairety (P1) and select for this phenotype until it is constant
52
explain mutation
53
by how much is annual rainfall in South west expected to decrease by 2030
20-30%
54
7 options to improve food security from UN
1. regulate commodities and larger cereal stocks 2. remove subsiidies from first gen biofuels 3. reduce cereals and fish in animal feed 4. support farmers in eco-agriculture 5. increase trade 6. limit global warming 7. raise awareness of population issues

ANS100 (10 decks)

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