Studies And Points: Class Flashcards
Bernstein
Speech codes
. Elaborated
. Restricted
Pierre Bourdieu
Cultural capital
The 3 types are
. Cultural
. Economic
. Educational
Sugarman
The working class subculture
The 4 characteristics that mean they fail are,
. Fatalism
. Collectivism
. Present time orientation
. Immediate gratification
Douglas
The education of the parents often is a good predictor of their children’s success in education.
Parents that take an active role and or interest in their child’s education are more likely to instill an educational habitus (eg: Archer) as well as extracurricular support.
Archer talked about h_______
What are some examples in the topic of education?
.Education’s habitus, the symbolic violence towards working class students mean they search for other pursuits of status.
This is called symbolic capital and it leads to such phenomena as
. Nike identities
. Hypersexual feminine identities (when applied to gender)
Lacey on subculture…
Anti school subculture,
This emerges after differentiation, the difference and negative treatment of a student by a teacher.
This means they usually become polarised, withdrawing into an anti school subculture where they feel accepted.
The inverse is also true with positive differentiation and pro school subculture.
The theory of the self fulfilling prophesy is what?
By who?
The idea is that if a student is labelled that they’ll do worse, they’ll internalise that leading to less effort or confidence and it becomes true.
Rosenhall and Jacobson
Rosenhall and Jacobson did a study to prove their claim.
What was the claim?
What was the study’s findings?
. The theory of the self fulfilling prophesy
They found that that after conducting a fake IQ test into students and labelling in confidence with the teacher which students were “spurters”, teachers treated those students differently.
They were put in different sets, the interactions were different, and they succeeded.
This demonstrates the damaging or positive effect of differential treatment
Becker
Labelling theory.
Becker interviewed teachers.
What did Becker infer?
That teachers had a template for an ‘ideal’ pupil, typically following the trend of a white, heterosexual, middle class male with inate gifts.
Gilbourn and Youdell came up with a theory of why some students are falling behind.
What was it?
Streaming and ‘educational triage’
The modern practice of league tables sets students up to fail.
.The A-C economy.
This incentivises teachers to only focus on students with the most potential to change and not those who they perceive as destined to succeed/fail.
Callander and Jackson
They found that the biggest deterent for working class students going to university was the fees, not wanting to be a burden on the family or future living.
Howard
Diet and health were crucial components in success at school.
Too much sugar = hyperactivity
Not enough nutrition = Low energy and inability to concentrate
Why might housing also be an external issue?
Crowding means people can’t study, poor living conditions mean that concentrating can be difficult or even getting sleep.
To terms polarisation and differentiation mean what?
Differentiation The psychological or physical classification of a student as to what extent they will or won’t succeed. This links to streaming, where students are put in higher or lower bands.
Polarisation: Meaning to go to one of two extremes, to become disenfranchised and rebel, or to internalise the school ethos and attempt to fulfil the potential people see in you.
Archer coined what term to describe the psychology and belief system of a school?
Habitus
Nicolas Ingram found what out in her study of who?
A study of a 2 groups of working class Catholic boys
- One at a secondary school
- One at a grammar school
(They’d passed the 11+ exam)
The habitus of the grammar school was something the boys felt conflicted with their identity and experiences as working class boys.
They reported beginning made fun of by middle class peers.
The low expectations of the secondary school habitus was also internalised and then status to the boys became about pursuing (In Archer’s terms), Nike Identities.
The isolation and ridicule of the working class in middle class habitus spaces is in who’s terms called what?
Archer
‘Symbolic violence’
Callander and Jackson’s study, was what, done how?
Study of questionnaires
Given to 200 prospective students.
The questionnaire probed them about their opinions about the student costs.
In Callander and Jackson’s study, students from working class backgrounds were in quantitative terms…
What was the reason?
5x less likely to go to university,
The primary reason given was that they were debt adverse.
Keddie is a theorist that gives the same commentary on both cultural explanations for why the working class and ethnic groups consistently fall behind.
That cultural explanations are inescapably victim blaming.
They make theorists intellectually incurious and can also disguise policies that lazy, prejudiced, and or ineffective solutions, usually highly politicised.
Political point scoring.
This is called a politicisation
Nearly __% of “failing schools” are in deprived areas.
90%
Exclusion and truancy are more common where?
In deprived households.
