Studies/Arguments

Question 1

Asch (conformity)

Answer 1

line study

Question 2

Mori & Arai (conformity)

Answer 2

line study using MORI technique

Question 3

Jennes (conformity)

Answer 3

counting beans in a jar

Question 4

Hofling (obedience)

Answer 4

study using nurses

Question 5

Bickman (obedience)

Answer 5

uniform experiment

Question 6

Milgram (obedience)

Answer 6

Behavioural study of obedience - electric shock

Question 7

Dement & Kelitman (sleep)

Answer 7

REM sleep study to find a connection between REM and dreaming

Question 8

Siffre (sleep)

Answer 8

lived in a cave without light to see if it would affect his circadian rhythm

Question 9

Oswald theory of sleep

Answer 9

Restoration theory

Question 10

Randy Gardner (restoration theory)

Answer 10

sleep deprivation on a 17 year old boy

Question 11

Peter Tripp (restoration theory)

Answer 11

sleep deprivation on American DJ

Question 12

Shapiro et al. (restoration theory)

Answer 12

compared marathon runners and non-marathon runners

Question 13

Spinal operations/drug overdose (restoration theory)

Answer 13

hospital patients who experienced spinal operations or drug overdoses saw longer periods of REM

Question 14

Neurotransmitter levels (restoration theory)

Answer 14

neurotransmitters decrease during the day

Question 15

Northwestern University (restoration theory)

Answer 15

prescribed elderly patients who suffered from insomnia regular aerobic exercise

Question 16

Rat study (restoration theory)

Answer 16

placed rats on a disc above water and monitored with an EEG

Question 17

Horne (restoration theory)

Answer 17

sleep deprivation did not effect participants ability to play sports

Question 18

Rasch & Born argument of body restoration (restoration theory)

Answer 18

body restoration can be achieved in a stat of quiet wakefulness and does not require sleep

Question 19

Horne & Harley (restoration theory)

Answer 19

heated heads and faces of participants with hairdryers

Question 20

Car crash study (restoration theory)

Answer 20

sleep deprivation leads to poor performance on the roads and an increased likelihood of accidents

Question 21

Little Hans (dreams)

Answer 21

Freud’s case study on the dreams of a little boy who had a phobia of horses

Question 22

Crick & Mitchison theory of dreaming

Answer 22

reorganisational theory of dreams

Question 23

Walker et al. (reorganisational theory)

Answer 23

finger tapping task - sleep helps memories to become reliably encoded

Question 24

Medrick et al. (reorganisational theory)

Answer 24

90 min nap has the same benefits as a full night of sleep - sleep helps to strengthen memories

Question 25

Seehagen et al. (reorganisational theory)

Answer 25

babies who napped after learning a new task showed better recall - sleep facilitates information processing

Question 26

Czeisler et al. (sleep)

Answer 26

study of shiftwork

Question 27

Smith et al. (shiftwork)

Answer 27

accidents are more likely to occur during the night shift

Question 28

Chang et al. (sleep)

Answer 28

studied participants who used electronics with blue light before bed

Question 29

Santhi et al. (sleep)

Answer 29

found that blue light wavelength has a stronger effect of suppressing or delaying sleep and the production of melatonin

Question 30

Hobson & McCarley theory of dreams

Answer 30

activation-synthesis hypothesis, dreams occur as a side effect of neurons randomly firing in a brain area called the Pons

Question 31

Atkinson & Shiffrin memory model

Answer 31

Multi Store Model

Question 32

Baddeley (memory)

Answer 32

study of encoding using lists of words with were either semantically or acoustically similar

Question 33

Peterson & Peterson (memory)

Answer 33

trigram study investigating duration of short term memory

Question 34

Baddeley & Hitch memory model

Answer 34

working memory model

Question 35

Shepard & Feng (memory)

Answer 35

study on the visuo-spatial sketchpad using flat models of cubes

Question 36

Baddeley & Hitch (memory)

Answer 36

dual task study using a visual task and a verbal/visuo-spatial task

Question 37

case study of K.F (memory)

Answer 37

brain damage from a motorbike accident, memory for verbal information was impaired but memory for visual information was unaffected

Question 38

Atkinson & Shiffrin argument of trace decay

Answer 38

Forgetting in LTM is at least partly due to trace decay

Question 39

Bjork argument of trace decay

Answer 39

items are not forgotten, they just lose retrieval strength

Question 40

Baddeley & Hitch Rugby (forgetting)

Answer 40

studied rugby players who had played every game in a season vs those who missed some and their ability to recall the names of teams they had played - interference

Question 41

Tulving argument of retrieval cues (forgetting)

Answer 41

argued that information would be more easily retrieved if cues present when the information was stored were also present when retrieval is required.

Question 42

Godden & Baddeley (forgetting)

Answer 42

the effects of context cues on recall with divers

Question 43

Darley et al. (forgetting)

Answer 43

hiding money after smoking marijuana

Question 44

Maguire et al. (forgetting)

Answer 44

London Taxi drivers hippocampal volume

Question 45

Patient H.M

Answer 45

Suffered from epilepsy - had his hippocampus removed