Studies - Authors, Years, Facts Flashcards
(209 cards)
1
Q
Endosymbiosis (review)
Author and year
A
Archibald (2015)
2
Q
Stealth echolocation
Author and year
A
Goerlitz et al (2010)
3
Q
Stealth echolocation
How many times lower in amplitude than other similar bats?
A
10 - 100 times
4
Q
Life-dinner principle
Author and year
A
Dawkins and Krebs (1979)
5
Q
Stages of predator-prey interaction / predator-prey interaction cycle
Author and year
A
Lima and Dill (1990)
6
Q
Evidence for dilution effect in ocean skaters
Author and year
A
Foster and Treherne (1981)
7
Q
Costs of overcoming anti-predator adaptations in sticklebacks
Author and year
A
Milinski (1984)
8
Q
Bias in literature towards prey behaviour
Author and year
A
Lima (2002)
9
Q
The selfish herd
Author and year
A
Hamilton (1971)
10
Q
Encounter rate model
Author and year
A
Travis and Palmer (2005)
11
Q
Comparison and Lévy and Brownian in literature
Author and year
A
de Jager et al (2013)
12
Q
Simulation study comparing Brownian and Lévy
Author and year
A
Bartumeus et al (2002)
13
Q
Simulation study comparing Brownian and Lévy
When does Lévy outperform Brownian for predators?
A
When predator is larger
When prey not also using Lévy
When predator is faster
Space is larger / density of prey is lower
14
Q
Lévy search in albatrosses (first evidence supporting)
Author and year
A
Viswanathan et al (1996)
15
Q
Lévy search in marine predators and prey
Author and year
A
Sims et al (2008)
16
Q
Re-examining Lévy search in albatrosses
Author and year
A
Edwards et al (2007)
17
Q
Lévy search of predatory fish and blue shark
Author and year
A
Humphries et al (2010)
18
Q
Lévy search of predatory fish
How many species of open-ocean predatory fish found in, and % fit of trajectories with Lévy?
A
14
47%
19
Q
Stickleback saltatory search
Year
A
2016
20
Q
Ecological impact of search behaviour
Author and year
A
Mols et al (2004)
21
Q
Ecological impact of search behaviour
Increase in encounter rate when prey density doubles
A
72%
22
Q
Ecological impact of search behaviour model
Author and year
A
Travis and Palmer (2005)
23
Q
Ecological impact of search behaviour model
If double density from 4 to 8, what’s the increase in encounter rate? What would the correlation be?
A
Increase = 49.1% Correlation = 25.3%
24
Q
Conditions that favour sit-and-wait over active search
Author and year
A
Scharf et al (2006)
25
Conditions that favour sit-and-wait over active search
| When does SaW have an advantage?
If predator same or slower speed
| If prey moving with direction
26
Foraging strategy and eye shape
| Author and year
Banks et al (2015)
27
Kestrels locating voles by urine
| Author and year
Viitala et al (1995)
28
Olfactory evesdropping of mouse odour
| Author and year
Hughes et al (2010)
29
Auditory evesdropping of corvids
| Author and year
Haff and Magrath (2011)
30
Social cues of predators - bait balls
| Author and year
Clua and Grosvalet (2001)
31
Cape gannet local enhancement
| Author and year
Thiebault et al (2014)
32
Carrion crow selection pressure to be spread out
| Author and year
Tinbergen (1967)
33
Area concentrated search of common swifts
| Author and year
de Margerie et al (2018)
34
Area concentrated search of different densities of prey in juvenile plaice
Author and year
Hill et al (2002)
35
Area concentrated search of different densities of prey in ferrets
Author and year
Haskell (1997)
36
Study on mouse olfactory response to predator cues
| Author and year
Ferrero et al (2011)
37
Study on mouse olfactory response to predator cues
| Chemical and receptor
Chemical = 2-phenylethylamine (PEA)
Receptor = TAAR4
38
Reciprocal eavesdropping of toadfish and dolphins
| Author and year
Remage-Healey et al (2006)
39
Ideal free distribution
| Author and year
Milinski (1979)
40
First model of ideal free distribution with 3 trophic levels
| Author and year
Iwasa (1982)
41
Prey movement response to predator (mosquito larvae and backswimmers)
Author and year
Sih (1984)
42
Prey movement response to predator with resource patches
(salamander and tadpoles)
Author and year
Sih (2005)
43
Prey movement response to predator with resource patches - importance of spatial scale
Author and year
Hammond et al (2012)
44
Larger groups more conspicuous (2 studies)
| Authors and years
Ioannou and Krause (2008)
| Ioannou et al (2011)
45
"The colours of many animals seem adapted to their purposes of concealing themselves, either to avoid danger or to spring upon their prey"
Author and year
Erasmus Darwin (1794)
46
First paper looking at animals having colours as sample of background
Author and year
Thayer (1909)
47
Cat colouration and the background
| Author and year
Allen et al (2011)
48
Best to be random sample of the background
| Author and year
Endler (1978 etc.)
49
Not all random samples are equally cryptic
| Author and year
Merilaita et al (1999 etc.)
50
How the brain / visual cortex works in terms of camouflage
| Author and year
Wang and Raj (2017)
51
How the brain / visual cortex works in terms of camouflage
| What does V1, V2, V4 and T1 do?
V1 = edge detection - detects simple features
V2 = assembles simple properties into surfaces and edges
V4 = detect object features of intermediate complexity
T1 = object recognition
52
Quantifying colour and texture for birds and doing an artificial moth experiment
Author and year
Michalis et al (2017)
53
Relating bark texture and colouration to moth camouflage - is it what we expect?
Author
Xiao, Sherratt, Gibson, Cuthill (unpublished)
54
Blue jays search images
| Author and year
Pietrewicz and Kamil (1979)
55
Blue jay computer generated moth study
| Author and year
Bond and Kamil (2002, 2005)
56
Matching more than one background, great tits foraging on artificial background
Author and year
Merilaita et al (2001)
57
Constraints of body plan / symmetry
| Author and year
Cuthill et al (2006)
58
Jacky dragon concealing motion
| Author and year
Peters et al (2007)
59
Thayer paper talking about "ruptive colouration"
| Year
Thayer (1909)
60
Disruptive colouration, its aspects and how it works
| Author and year
Cott (1940)
61
Testing disruptive colouration in marine isopods
| Author and year
Merilaita (1998)
62
Testing effectiveness of disruptive colouration in artificial moths
Author and year
Cuthill et al (2005)
63
Testing idea of maximum disruptive contrast
| Author and year
Stevens et al (2006)
64
Testing whether disruptive colouration is controlled by edge detection
Author and year
Stevens and Cuthill (2006)
65
Does edge enhancement work? - using artificial snakes
| Author and year
Egan et al (2016)
66
Does edge enhancement work? - using artificial moths
| Author
Cuthill et al (unpublished)
67
Testing the idea of disruptive camouflage by feature grouping
Author and year
Espinosa and Cuthill (2014)
68
Disguising salient features - testing with artificial moths
| Author and year
Cuthill and Szekely (2009)
69
Person other than Cott talking about distraction in disruptive colouration
Author and year
Endler (2006)
70
Distraction countershading / camouflage through distraction
| Author and year
Thayer (1909)
71
Study testing camouflage through distraction - artificial moths
Author and year
Stevens et al (2012)
72
Study testing camouflage through distraction - blue tits
| Author and year
Dimitrova et al (2009)
73
Pigeon use of shading for object recognition
| Author and year
Cook et al (2012)
74
Idea of countershading
| Author and year
Thayer (1896)
75
Recreation of Thayer caterpillar drawings - countershading
| Author
Olivier Penacchio
76
Other reasons to be countershaded
| Author and year
Ruxton et al (2004)
77
Optimal countershading with different types of illumination
| Author and year
Penacchio et al (2015)
78
Testing optimal countershading with fake caterpillars
| Author and year
Cuthill et al (2017)
79
Testing optimal countershading with fake deer and comparisons
Author and year
Allen et al (2012)
80
Psittacosaurus countershading
| Author and year
Vinther et al (2016)
81
Testing the difference between masquerade and background matching - chicks
Author and year
Skelhorn et al (2010)
82
Testing the difference between masquerade and background matching further - chicks
Author and year
Skelhorn and Ruxton (2010)
83
Frog matched filter
| Author and year
Lettvin et al (1959)
84
Jennifer Aniston cells
| Author and year
Quiroga et al (2005)
85
Study saying Batesian and masquerade the same thing
| Author and year
Ruxton, Allen, Sherratt, Speed (2018)
86
Coral snake Batesian mimicry
| Author and year
Alison Davis Rabosky et al (2016)
87
Study on whether advantage to being a coral snake mimic
| Author and year
França et al (2017)
88
Female-limited Batesian mimicry in butterflies
| Author and year
Alfred Russel Wallace (1865)
89
How wasp-like do birds thing hoverflies are?
| Author and year
Dittrich et al (1993)
90
Artificial neural networks and imperfect Batesian mimicry
| Author and year
Bain et al (2007)
91
Biases in learning - imperfect Batesian mimicry
| Author and year
Kazemi et al (2014)
92
Costs of misclassification high - imperfect Batesian mimicry
| Author and year
Kikuchi and Pfenning (2009)
93
Two step model of Batesian mimicry
| Author and year
Nicholson (1927)
94
Study finding mimicry seeming to segregate as if single gene
| Author and year
Fryer (1914)
95
Background complexity and visual search - blue tits
| Author and year
Dimitrova and Merilaita (2010)
96
Testing the metrics of visual complexity - artificial moths
| Author and year
Xiao and Cuthill (2016)
97
Effect of visual complexity on habitat choice
| Author and year
Kjernsmo and Merilaita (2012)
98
Daphnia inducible defences
| Author and year
Petrusek et al (2008)
99
Family grouping effects
| Author and year
Fisher (1930)
100
Toxicity - separating similarity through phylogeny from similarity through adaptation - looking at larval gregariousness
Author and year
Tullberg and Hunter (1996)
101
Inability to identify whether gregariousness or unpalatability came first
Author and year
Ruxton and Sherratt (2006)
102
Innate avoidance / snake detector
| Author and year
Le et al (2013)
103
Infant phobias
| Author and year
Hoehl et al (2017)
104
Synergistic selection
| Author and year
Guilford (1985)
105
Naive predators - wood tiger moth larvae
| Author and year
Mappes et al (2014)
106
Desperate predators - chicks
| Author and year
Barnett et al (2012)
107
Immune predators - common garter snake
| Author and year
McGlothlin et al (2014)
108
Distance dependent aposematism - artificial moths
| Author and year
Barnett and Cuthill (2014)
109
Distance dependent aposematism - real prey
| Author and year
Barnett et al (2018)
110
Distance dependent aposematism - artificial caterpillars
| Author and year
Barnett et al (2016)
111
Distance dependent aposematism - poison dart frogs
| Author and year
Barnett et al (2017)
112
Frequency dependent selection and Mullerian mimicry
| Author and year
Müller (1879)
113
Pursuit deterrence signals - skylarks
| Author and year
Cresswell (1994)
114
Pursuit deterrence signals - Thomson's gazelle
| Author and year
FitzGibbon and Fanshawe (1988)
115
Dazzle distorting perceived speed
| Author and year
Scott-Samuel et al (2011)
116
Why do zebras have stripes?
| Author and year
Caro et al (2014)
117
Modelling motion of zebras from a predator perspective - stripes
Author and year
How and Zanker (2014)
118
Study on confusion and starling flocks
| Author and year
Hogan et al (2017)
119
Confusion effect sticklebacks
| Author and year
Ioannou et al (2009)
120
Human experiment on confusion effect
| Author and year
Scott-Samuel et al (2015)
121
Colour / pattern of prey and the confusion effect
| Author and year
Hogan et al (2016)
122
Confusion effect = perceptual bottleneck
| Author and year
Krakauer (1995)
123
Katydid startle displays
| Author and year
Umbers and Mappes (2014)
124
Difference between startle display and aposematism
| Author and year
Skelhorn et al (2016)
125
Do eyespots work?
| Author and year
Kodandaramaiah et al (2009)
126
Do eyespots intimidate predators because look like eyes? - no
Author and years
Stevens et al (2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2009)
127
Do eyespots intimidate predators because look like eyes? - yes - sparkle
Author and year
Blut et al (2012)
128
Do eyespots intimidate predators because look like eyes? - yes - sticklebacks
Author and year
Kjernsmo and Merilaita (2017)
129
Eyespots as a deflection mechanism
| Author and year
Prudic et al (2014)
130
Protean behaviour of Pacific blue-eyes
| Author and year
Herbert-Read et al (2016)
131
Protean behaviour of cockroaches
| Author and year
Domenici et al (2008)
132
Does colour change fool a predator?
| Author and year
Loeffler-Henry et al (2018)
133
Iridescence interference with object detection in bees
| Author and year
Kjernsmo et al (2018)
134
Iridescence interference with object detection in birds and humans
Author
Kjernsmo et al (unpublished)
135
Overcoming the confusion effect with experience
| Author and year
Milinski (1979)
136
Overcoming the confusion effect - the oddity effect - size
| Author and year
Theodorakis (1989)
137
Overcoming the confusion effect - the oddity effect - colour - fish
Author and year
Landeau and Terborgh (1986)
138
Overcoming the confusion effect - the oddity effect - colour - Daphnia
Author and year
Penry-Williams, Ioannou and Taylor (2018)
139
Relation between density and attacks on the edge of a group in sticklebacks
Author and year
Duffield and Ioannou (2017)
140
What type of strategy do peregrine falcons use to intercept prey?
Author and year
Brighton, Thomas and Taylor (2017)
141
Dragonflies intercepting prey
| Author and year
Mischiati et al (2014)
142
Trade-off between suction performance and approach speed - gape size adaptation
Author and year
Higham et al (2007)
143
Arms race between predators and prey - chasing
| Author and year
Wilson et al (2018)
144
Study proposing idea of group forming different 3D structures depending on location with respect to boundaries
Author and year
Vine (1971)
145
Testing idea by Vine (1971) and which individuals targeted during attacks
Author
Romenskyy, Herbert-Read et al (in review)
146
Information transfer in response to predation threat in fish
| Author and year
Herbert-Read et al (2015)
147
Modelling sailfish group hunting
| Author and year
Herbert-Read, Romanczuck et al (2016)
148
Blue whale lateralisation of feeding strategies
| Author and year
Friedlaender et al (2017)
149
```
Daphnia density (group conspicuousness)
Author and year
```
Ioannou et al (2009)
150
Distance-dependent defensive colouration mitigating trade off
Author and year
Sword (1999)
151
Flee when detect or flee when detected? - model
| Author and year
Broom and Ruxton (2005)
152
Ewe habitat choice trade-off
| Author and year
Festa-Bianchet (1988)
153
Damselfly activity trade-off and predation-growth trade-off
| Author and year
Brodin and Johansson (2004)
154
Fish activity trade-off
| Author and year
Macchiusi and Baker (1992)
155
Dragonfly larvae and tricaine activity trade-off
| Author and year
Skelly (1994)
156
Guppy activity trade-off
| Author and year
Krause and Godin (1995)
157
Tiger salamander predation-growth trade-off
| Author and year
Skelly (1992)
158
Smaller walleye predated on more
| Author and year
Sogard and Olla (1994)
159
Variation of predator and prey size
| Author and year
Rice et al (1993)
160
Response of smaller prey to predators
| Author and year
Skelley (1992)
161
Attention and foraging
| Author and year
Milinski (1984)
162
Attention and foraging - where to forage and when
| Author and year
Milinski and Heller (1978)
163
Feeding posture trade-off
| Author and year
Krause and Godin (1996)
164
Risk allocation hypothesis model
| Author and year
Lima and Bednekoff (1999)
165
Risk allocation hypothesis fish
| Author and year
Mirza et al (2016)
166
Risk allocation hypothesis birds
| Author and year
Rodriguez-Prieto et al (2009)
167
Risk allocation hypothesis fish emergence
| Author and year
Brown et al (2005)
168
Predation, mate searching trade-off newts
| Author and year
Rohr and Madison (2001)
169
Guppy predation colouration trade-off
| Author and year
Endler (1978)
170
Guppy predation colouration trade-off - predator choice
| Author and year
Godin and McDonough (2003)
171
Guppy predation colouration trade-off - artificial selection experiment
Author and year
Endler (1980)
172
Guppy predation colouration trade-off - light intensity
| Author and year
Endler (1987)
173
Effect of turbidity and prey density on encounter rate
| Author and year
Turesson and Brönmark (2007)
174
Atlantic silverside geographic variation / growth rates
| Author and year
Conover and Present (1990)
175
Atlantic silverside countergradient variation
| Author and year
Juanes and Conover (1994)
176
Atlantic silverside geographic variation predation-growth trade-off
Author and year
Lankford et al (2001)
177
Functional responses - how are per capita consumption rates of predators related to prey density?
Author and year(s)
Holling (1950s-1960s)
| e.g. (1959)
178
Functional responses fish study
| Author and year
Moustahfid et al (2010)
179
Snowshoe hare exclosure and food addition experiment
| Author and year
Krebs et al (1995)
180
Snowshoe hare multiple trophic interactions
| Author and year
Stenseth et al (1997)
181
Female snowshoe hare FCM study
| Author and year
Sheriff et al (2009)
182
Non-lethal effects of reintroduction of wolves to elks
| Author and year
Creel et al (2007)
183
Non-lethal effects on energy transfer - barnacles
| Author and year
Trussell et al (2006)
184
Non-lethal effects on energy transfer - barnacles
| How much variation in growth efficiency does predation explain vs density
Predation - 32%
| Prey density - 15%
185
Effects of predator-prey interactions on nutrient availability
Author and year
Schmitz et al (2010)
186
Nutrients - bears and salmon
| Author and year
Quinn et al (2009)
187
Nutrients - bears and salmon
| % salmon killed carried away from streams
42-68%
188
Nutrients - salmon predators stable isotopes
| Author and year
Ben-David et al (1998)
189
Nutrients - grey reef sharks
| Author and year
Williams et al (2018)
190
Nutrients - grey reef sharks
| kg of N deposited at study atoll
94.5 kg
191
Nutrients - grey reef sharks
| % N deposited from pelagic sources
86%
192
Mayfly reduced and enhanced risk
| Author and year
Soluk (1993)
193
Predator niche partitioning
| Author and year
Falk et al (2015)
194
Bat learning
| Author and year
Patriquin et al (2018)
195
Patterns of IGP
| Author and year
Palomares and Caro (1999)
196
Consequences of IGP for prey
| Author and year
Vance-Chalcraft et al (2007)
197
Cat, rat and seabird IGP and mesopredator release
| Author and year
Ringler et al (2015)
198
Elasmobranch and bay scallop mesopredator release
| Author and year
Myers et al (2007)
199
Marsupial, dingo, red fox and feral cat mesopredator release
| Author and year
Johnson and Fisher (2007)
200
Otter, sea urchin, starfish mesopredator release
| Author and year
Burt et al (2018)
201
Yellowstone wolves affecting vegetation
| Author and year
Ripple and Beschta (2007)
202
Yellowstone wolves affecting vegetation
| When were the wolves reintroduced?
1995/1996
203
Cougar effect on vegetation
| Author and year
Ripple and Beschta (2006)
204
Behaviourally mediated trophic cascade - spiders and grasshoppers
Author and year
Beckerman et al (1997)
205
Predator-mediated coexistance eelgrass study
| Author and year
Amundrud et al (2015)
206
Further conservation value of predators - fish and sponges
| Author and year
Loh and Pawlik (2014)
207
Explanations of why thanatosis
| Author and year
Ruxton et al (2018)
208
Explanations of why thanatosis
| Why?
Aversion to dead prey
Attention switched
Awkward shape to ingest
Lack of motion makes hard to locate
209
Study on a hypothesis of thanatosis
| Author and year
Skelhorn et al (2018)
