STUDIES - Conrad and Hull (1964) Flashcards
1
Q
Introduction
A
- Experiment
2
Q
Aim
A
Demonstrate the phonological similarity effect and see how information is coded in STM
3
Q
Procedure
A
METHOD
Participants had to immediately recall lists of 6 consonants
- Phonologically similar (B, D, G, C…)
- Phonologically different (F, H, R, X…)
4
Q
Results
A
- Rhyming lists were more difficult to remember
- Showed the phonological similarity effect: Traces of similarly sounding letters (if encoded acoustically) are easier to confuse with each other
5
Q
Findings
A
- Phonological similarity affects how well items are recalled
- Memory for speech material uses a sound-based storage system called the phonological store
6
Q
Limitations
A
- Low ecological validity: Recalling lists of consonants is not a typical case in real life