Studies in Schizophrenia Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is some evidence that refutes the diagnosis of sz?
Cheniaux et al
inter-rater reliability
2 psychiatrists independently diagnose 100 patients use both DSM-5 and ICD-10 criteria
what did Cheniaux et al find?
psychiatrist 1: DSM: 26% ICD: 44%
psychiatrist 2: DSM: 13% ICD: 24%
what is an example of a family study:
Gottesman
both parents suffer: 45% chance
one direct relative: 18%
secondary degree relative: 5%
general population: 1%
what is an example of a twin study:
Gottesman and Shields
concorance rate for schizphrenia in MZ twins = 48% & 17% in DZ
what’s an additional twin study:
Joesph
MZ: 40.0%
DZ: 7.4%
what’s an example of an adoption study:
Heston
compared 47 adopted kids whose bio mum had sz w/ control group
none of control group were diagnosed w/ illness
16% of offspring w/ sz mothers were diagnosed
what is some more supporting evidence for the genetic explanation:
Tienari
155 adoptees w/ bio mum’s w/ sz -> 10% were diagnosed
only 1% of 185 control group were diagnosed
what theory did Freud propose?
the schizophrenogenic mother
-> cold, dominant = conflict
-> distrust, resentfulness & instability
who proposed the ‘double bind theory’
Bateson
hot & cold parenting -> mixed messages
-> have disordered understanding of reality
what’s some evidence to refute the double bind theory?
Liem & Hall + Levin
found no difference in patterns of parental communication in families w/ sz child & normal families
what’s some evidence to support the double bind theory
Berger
found sz’s report higher recall of double blind statements by mothers than non sz
what’s some supporting evidence for family dysfunction?
Brown
expressed emotion
families where communications are commonly to do w/ criticism, hostility & disapproval
recovering patients dismissed from hospital, followed up over 9 months, interviews w/ family -> understand level of expressed emotion
what did Brown find?
families w/ high EE= 58% patients return to hospitals
compared to families w/ low EE
-> familily relationships affect recovery rates
what’s supporting evidence for family dysfunction as a rick factor?
Read
reviewed 46 studies of child abuse & in adulthood
concluded: 69% adult in patients had diagnosis of child abuse
for me-> 59%
what did Frith suggest?
sz’s fail to monitor their thoughts correctly -> misattributing them to outside world
sometimes reffered to as ‘alien control systems’
what is evidence to support distorted reality?
Stirling et al
ability of patients to recognise drawing they had produced w/ their hand behind a screen
what did Pickering propose?
catatonic sz may be caused by breakdown of auditory selective attention -> make social interaction increasingly difficult
-> have no choice but to withdraw from the world
what did Ross and Read suggest?
when ppl are prescribed antipsychotic meds - reinforces view that there’ something wrong with them
what’s evidence to support antipsychotic drugs
Leucht et al
meta analysis - 65 studies - 6,000 patients. all had been on antipsychotics, some taken off & given placebo rest remained on regular drugs. w/in 12 months, 64% of those on placebo relapsed
only 27% on drugs relapsed
what’s evidence that refutes the difference between typical and atypical drugs?
Crossely et al
meta analysis - 15 studies - found no differences between effect of typical & atypical drugs on symptoms
what do Addington and Addington say about CBTp?
in the initial acute phase of sz, self-reflection is not possible
following stabilisation, individuals can benefit from more group based CBTp
what study suggested that the impact of CBTp had been overtsated?
Juahar et al
found that CBTp only has a small therapeutic effect on the key symptoms of sz (hullucinations & delusions)
which study investigated family theraphy?
Pharoah et al
what was Pharoah et al’s procedure?
reviewed 53 studies in 2002
investigate effectiveness of family intervention - Europe, Asia & North America
compared outcomes of family therapy to ‘standard care’ alone
