Study as I go Flashcards

(301 cards)

1
Q

Penton fibers?

A

Adenoviridae

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2
Q

Penton fibers cause what?

A

Hemagglutination of RBCs

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3
Q

How are adenoviruses released inside the host?

A

Cell lysis

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4
Q

Infectious Canine Hepatitis?

A

Canine Adenovirus 1

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5
Q

Why is Infectious Canine Hepatitis so infectious?

A

Shed in urine for 6 months

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6
Q

Pathognomonic characteristic of early Infectious Canine Hepatitis?

A

Corneal Edema/Blue eye

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7
Q

Kennel Cough/Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

CAV-2

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8
Q

What breed is most susceptible to Equine Adenovirus?

A

Arabian Foals

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9
Q

Outcome of Equine adenovirus?

A

Bronchitis and Pneumonia

Death before 3m

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10
Q

How does retroviridae spread in the host?

A

Type 3

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11
Q

Bovine Leukemia

A

Deltaretrovirus

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12
Q

What cell does bovine leukemia target?

A

B lymphocytes

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13
Q

Important proteins for Bovine Leukemia?

A

gp51

p24 (Major Core)

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14
Q

Number one cause of carcass condemnation in cattle?

A

Bovine Leukemia

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15
Q

FeLV?

A

Gammaretrovirus

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16
Q

Important protein in FeLV

A

p27

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17
Q

Target cells of FeLV?

A

T and B

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18
Q

Horizontally transmitted FeLV?

A

FeLV-A

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19
Q

Cats with that FeLV have a higher risk of tumors?

A

A and B

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20
Q

How do cats get FeLV-C?

A

mutation

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21
Q

How soon after having an FeLV + cat can a new one be introduced to the home?

A

3-4w

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22
Q

Antigen present on all membranes of cells transformed by FeLV and FeSV?

A

FOCMA

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23
Q

Recombination of FeLVA and host proto-oncogenes?

A

FeSV

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24
Q

Cause of fibrosarcomas in cats?

A

FeSV

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25
Avian leukosis
Alpharetrovirus
26
What birds are affected by avian leukosis?
Chickens only
27
Target cell of avian leukosis?
B
28
Thick leg in birds?
Osteoporosis from avian leukosis
29
How can you differentiate Avian Leukosis from Marek's Dz?
No nerve or ocular involvement in AL
30
FIV?
Feline lentivirus
31
How is FIV transmitted?
Bites, Milk, TP
32
What cell does FIV target?
CD4
33
Important antigen in FIV?
p24
34
Retrovirus with no cross protection between serotypes?
FIV
35
Equine Infectious Anemia/Swamp Fever
Equine lentivirus
36
Reportable retrovirus?
Equine lentivirus
37
Vector of Equine lentivirus?
Tabanids (mechanical)
38
Test of Equine lentivirus?
Coggins test
39
Coggins test is for what protein?
p26
40
Caprine Arthritis Encephalomyelitis
Caprine lentivirus
41
Most important goat disease in the US?
Caprine lentivirus
42
Big knee?
Caprine lentivirus
43
Hard bag?
Mastitis from caprine lentivirus and ovine lentivirus
44
Can colostrum be used from CAEV+ goats?
Yes, pasturize
45
Maedi-visna
Ovine lentivirus
46
Maedi?
Lungs
47
Visna?
Brain
48
Incubation period for ovine lentivirus?
up to 9 years!!
49
Symptom of Maedi?
Pneumonia
50
Symptom of Visna?
CNS, knuckling of fetlock
51
Bullet shaped virus?
Rhabdo
52
Rabies?
lyssavirus
53
vesicular stomatitits
vesiculovirus
54
defecting interfering particles are found in what virus?
rhabdo
55
most lethal infectious disease?
rabies
56
which rabies genotype is the classic one?
Genotype 1
57
What species perpetuates cattle rabies?
Skunks
58
What species perpetuates human and non-cattle rabies?
Vampire Bats
59
How does Rabies reach the brain?
Centripetal progress
60
Furious form of rabies replication?
Limbic system
61
Dumb form of rabies replication?
Neocortex
62
How does rabies reach the salivary glands?
Centrifugal progress
63
Why do animals die from rabies?
Respiratory failure
64
Which species has viremia and a carrier state for vesicular stomatitis?
Pigs
65
What disease looks just like vesicular stomatitis?
Foot and mouth
66
Characteristic clinical feature of vesicular stomatitis?
Profuse salivation
67
Immunity for vesicular stomatitis?
Short lived
68
3 day sickness?
Bovine ephemerovirus
69
Vector of bovine ephemerovirus?
Mosquitos | Culicoides
70
Foot and mouth disease?
Apthovirus
71
Avian encephalomyelitis
Avian tremovirus
72
Encephalomyocarditis
Cardiovirus
73
What species are affected by foot and mouth disease?
All cloven hoofed animals
74
How long are cattle carriers for foot and mouth?
2yr
75
How long are sheep carriers for foot and mouth?
6m
76
What animal is not a carrier for foot and mouth?
Pigs
77
When does shedding of foot and mouth begin?
24hr before clinical signs
78
Amplifying host for foot and mouth?
Swine
79
Tiger heart?
foot and mouth
80
How does foot and mouth cause abortion?
Fever! Doesn't cross placenta
81
Key clinical sign for foot and mouth?
profuse salivation
82
How is foot and mouth transmitted?
Aerosol
83
What species are affected by encephalomyocarditis?
Piglets
84
Reservoir for encephalomyocarditis?
Rodents
85
Clinical feature of encephalomyocarditis?
SMEDI
86
Pathognomonic for encephalomyocarditis?
Myocardial infarcts and necrosis
87
Is vesicular stomatitis more often transmitted by mechanical or biological?
Mechanical
88
Reportable Rhabdoviridaes?
Rabies, Vesicular Stomatitis, Bovine Ephemeral Fever (so ALL!)
89
Why are horse owners cautioned about vaccinated for vesicular stomatitis?
Can't differentiate vaccine from natural exposure
90
Zoonotic Rhabdos?
Rabies and Vesicular Stomatitis
91
Which rhabdo does not have cross protection?
Vesicular Stomatitis
92
What rhabdo is not in NA?
Bovine ephemeral fever
93
Are picornas stable?
In mucus, feces
94
Where is Foot and Mouth disease not found?
NA, CA, Oceania, Carib
95
What species is genetically resistant to FMD?
Horses
96
Can animals be reinfected with FMD?
Yes, no cross protection
97
Is FMD stable?
Very! 2-3 weeks! (not in carcass though, disinfectants work)
98
Transmission of FMD?
Inhalation, Uncooked meat
99
Why is FMD so worrisome for transportation?
Asymptomatic carriers
100
Reportable Picorna viruses?
FMD
101
What birds are most often affected by avian encephalomyelitis?
Chicks
102
What protein in Paramyxo neutralizes antibodies?
H
103
What protein in Paramyxo destroys mucin inhibitors?
N
104
What protein in Paramyxo helps with Type 3 spread?
F
105
Most important avian disease?
Newcastle
106
Which paramyxos have H and N proteins?
BPI-3, Newcastle
107
Which protein does canine distemper not have?
N
108
Inclusion bodies in Paramyxo?
Red, IN/IC
109
Shipping fever associated paramyxo viruses?
Bovine Parainfluenza | Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Disease
110
Newcastle Disease?
Avian paramyxovirus 1
111
Avirulent strain of newcastle disease?
lentogenic
112
What enzyme does the lentogenic newcastle use?
Trypsin
113
Virulent strains of ND use what enzyme?
endoprotease
114
Moderately virulent ND strain?
Mesogenic
115
Highly virulent ND strain?
Velogenic
116
When is ND shed?
before during and after symptoms!
117
What form of ND affects the intestines rather than the respiratory tract?
Viscerotropic Velogenic ND
118
Which forms of ND have high mortality?
Viscerotropic and Neurotropic Velogenic
119
Kennel cough paramyxo?
Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5
120
Canine distemper?
Canine morbillibirus
121
What tissue does canine distemper target?
Neurotropic
122
The human and canine morbillivirus vaccine share what protein antigen?
F
123
Peste des Petits
Caprine morbillivirus
124
Symptoms of Peste des petits
mouth erosions, stomatitis, diarrhea, pneumonia
125
When is Peste des Petits shed?
1-2 days before
126
Reportable paramyxo?
Peste des Petits, Newcastle
127
Zoonotic paramyxo?
Canine Parainfluenza, Newcastle
128
Bovine respiratory syncytial disease?
bovine pneumovirus
129
Short lived immunity paramyxo?
bovine respiratory syncytial disease
130
Pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial disease
loss of ciliated epithelium
131
Which paramyxo can cause abortion?
Peste de Petits
132
The hemagglutinin protein in Orthomyxo has what function?
Binds sialic acid receptors for attacment
133
The neuraminidase protein in Orthomyxo has what function?
Cleave sialic acid to release virions
134
What is unique about Orthomyxo's replication process?
Cap snatching
135
What is cap snatching?
cleave 5' methyl-g from RNA to get transcription primer
136
Equine influenza etiology?
A/H3N8
137
Canine influenza etiologic agent?
A/H3N8
138
How are equine influenza and canine influenza related?
Canine is a mutation of Equine
139
When is canine influenza shed?
During IP and 1 week after
140
What does canine influenza present like?
Kennel Cough
141
What is unique about the Canine Influenza vaccine?
Doesn't prevent- reduces severity
142
Which influenza does not have a carrier sate?
Equine
143
Swine Influenza etiologic agent?
A/H1N1-3 (1 most common)
144
Pigs are predisposed to swine flu due to what infection?
Ascaris suum
145
How do you prevent swine flu?
Avoid carrier pigs
146
Which strain of avian influenza infects chickens most?
H5N1
147
Which strain of avian influenza infects turkeys?
H5N9
148
Avian influenza common name?
Fowl plague
149
Which bird is most often affected by fowl plague?
Turkeys
150
What orthomyxo can affect the GIT?
Avian
151
What orthomyxo can affect the CNS?
Avian
152
What orthomyxo can cause abortion due to fever?
Equine
153
How do you prevent avian flu?
Sentinel birds
154
African horse sickness
Orbivirus
155
Bluetongue virus
Orbivirus
156
Avian reovirus
orthoreovirus
157
Most common cause of diarrhea in young animals?
Rotavirus
158
What species does blue tongue affect?
sheep, deer
159
Reportable Reoviruses?
Blue Tongue | African Horse Sickness
160
Vector of blue tongue?
Culicoides - variipnnsis - SE insignis
161
Other than arthropod vector, how can blue tongue be spread?
TP, Venereal
162
Which serotype of blue tongue affects the southeast?
2
163
What serotypes of blue tongue are in the US?
10, 11, 13, 17, (2)
164
Vector of african horse sickness?
culicoides
165
Symptoms of african horse sickness?
frothing, pulmonary edema, hydropericardium, facial edema, petechiae
166
Acute pulmonary horse sickness?
Dunkop
167
Subacute cardiac horse sickness?
Dikkop
168
Rotavirus outer capsid proteins?
VP7, VP4
169
VP7 classifies what for Rotavirus?
G Genotypes
170
VP4 classifies what for Rotavirus?
P Genotypes, P Serotypes
171
How stable is rotavirus in the environment?
Very-30d
172
Where does Rotavirus replicate within the host
mature enterocytes of SI villi
173
What species have a Rotavirus vaccine?
Equine, Bovine
174
Viral arthritis and tenozynovitis in chickens
Avian reovirus
175
Important capsid protein for corona?
Spike
176
Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Pigs?
Porcine Coronavirus
177
Which form of TGE occurs more often in winter?
Epidemic
178
Which form of TGE affects susceptible herds rather than partially immune?
Epidemic
179
Which form of TGE affects partially immune herds?
Endemic
180
Which form of TGE is more severe?
Epidemic
181
Major cause of mortality in the pigs in the US?
TGE
182
What does TGE do to villi?
Atrophy-> malabsorption
183
Who do you vaccinate for TGE?
Pregnant Sows | Neonates
184
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea?
Coronavirus
185
Where is PED problematic?
Asia
186
How are PED and TGE related?
They aren't! PED- Group 1b TGE- Group 1a
187
Vomiting and Wasting disease in pigs?
Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis
188
Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis?
Coronavirus
189
How is Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis transmitted?
Aerosol, Contact with secretions
190
Why is Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis called wasting disease?
Encephalomyelitis leads to vomiting and malnutrition
191
Bovine coronavirus occurs at what time of year?
Winter
192
Where does bovine coronavirus replicate?
SI and LI
193
How does bovine corona affect villi?
Atrophy-> malabsorption
194
Other than diarrhea, what else can bovine corona cause?
Respiratory issues
195
When do you vaccinate cows for bovine corona?
Before each calving
196
Winter dysentery in cows?
coronavirus
197
What age group is affected by winter dysentery?
Adult cows
198
Other than diarrhea, what else can winter dysentery cause?
hemorrhage, hyperemia of colon
199
FIP?
feline coronavirus
200
How is FIP transmitted?
fecal oral, inhalation, TP
201
What percent of cats infected with FCoV get FIP?
1-3%
202
What percent of cats infected with FCoV are resistant?
5-10%
203
What percent of cats infected with FCoV get diarrhea?
70%
204
What percent of cats infected with FCoV are persistent carriers?
5-10%
205
A strong CMI response will have what effect on FIP?
Prevent FIP
206
A weak CMI response and strong humoral response will have what effect on FIP?
Effusive/Wet Form
207
An intermediate immune response will have what effect on FIP?
Non-effusive/Dry Form
208
Clinical signs of effusive FIP?
distension, peritonitis, ascites, pyogranulomas
209
Clinical signs of non-effusive FIP?
uveitis, granulomatous inflamation, pyogranulomas, meningoencephalitis
210
What test is used for FIP?
Rivalta test
211
Is there a vaccine for FIP?
Yes, but not recommended
212
Avian Infectious Bronchitis?
coronairus
213
Specific cross protection in avian infectious bronchitis?
Protectotypes
214
Respiratory strain of avian infectious bronchitis?
Mass, Conn, Ark, Ga
215
Nephrotropic strain of avian infectious bronchitis?
T, Gray, Holte
216
Vaccine used for meat type chickens for avian infectious bronchitis?
Live
217
Vaccine used for layers and breeders for avian infectious bronchitis?
Inactivated
218
Breda virus?
Bovine torovirus
219
What organ does bovine torovirus affect?
SI: lower half of villi, crypts
220
Most fatal togavirus?
EEEV
221
Vector of WEEV?
Culex tarsalis
222
Vector of EEEV?
Culiseta melanura
223
Vector of enzootic VEEV?
Culex
224
What seasons does EEEV occur?
Late summer/early fall
225
What weather benefits EEEV?
Heavy rainfall
226
Dead end host of EEEV?
horses and humans
227
How is WEEV related to EEEV?
recombination of EEEV
228
Dead end host of WEEV?
horses, humans
229
Epizootic strains of VEEV?
1-A/B/C
230
Enzootic strains of VEEV?
1-D/E/F, 2-6
231
Highly virulent strain of VEEV?
epizootic
232
Non virulent strain of VEEV?
Enzootic
233
Primary vector of Enzootic VEEV?
Culex
234
Dead end host of enzootic VEEV?
horse, human
235
Dead end host of epizootic VEEV?
humans
236
Amplifying host of epizootic VEEV?
Horse
237
Horse vaccines for EEV?
EEEV, WEEV-inactivated | VEEV- tissue culture attenuated
238
Human vaccines for EEV?
VEEV-workers only, not licensed
239
Flaviviridae with veterinary importance?
Pestivirus
240
Difference between ncp and cp forms of BVD?
Cleavage of NS2-3
241
Mucosal form of BVD?
cp
242
Bovine Viral Diarrhea?
Pestivirus
243
What protein is inserted between the NS2-3 sequence in BVD?
Ubiquitin
244
Which type of BVD is more common?
Type 1
245
Relationship between BVD 1/2?
Antigenically distinct
246
Relationship between cp and noncp BVD?
Antigenically related
247
Pregnant cows infected with BVD at 2-4 months give birth to what?
PI calves
248
Pregnant cows infected with BVD at 1 month give birth to what?
They don't! embryo death
249
Pregnant cows infected with BVD at 5-9 months give birth to what?
Normal, deformed, or dead calves
250
Why do PI calves not have antibody response?
BVD inhibits IFN Type 1
251
Source of BVD infection?
Fluids
252
Non-pregnant cows get what form of BVD?
Thrombocytopenia and Hemorrhagic syndrome, diarrhea in calves too
253
Do calves with BVD antibodies mean they are PI?
Possibly, test for antigen
254
Do calves with BVD with antigen mean they are PI?
Possibly, could just be active infection!
255
How do you test for BVD?
Ear punch
256
How are African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever distinguished?
They aren't!
257
Primary site of CSF invasion?
Tonsil
258
Symptoms of CSF?
huddling, hyperemia, cyanosis of ears, diarrhea
259
Pathognomonic for CSF?
Turkey Egg Kidneys
260
Why should you use the DIVA CSF vaccine?
Can distinguish from active infection
261
What type of host are horses for West Nile?
Incidental host
262
How is Louping Ill spread?
Ticks-ixodes ricinus
263
Species affected by louping ill?
turkeys, sheep
264
Viruses caused by pestivirus?
BVD CSF West Nile Louping Ill
265
Cup shaped depression virus?
Caliciviridae
266
Important genus of Caliciviridae in vet med?
Vesivirus
267
Vesicular exanthema of pigs?
Porcine calicivirus
268
Most common symptoms of calicivirus in cats?
oral and respiratory issues
269
Calicivirus with carrier state?
Cats
270
How is calicivirus transmitted?
Conjunctiva Inhalation Ingestion
271
Where does calicivirus replicate within the host?
Oral and Respiratory tissues
272
Most common lesion from calicivirus?
Ulcers
273
Limping syndrome in cats?
Feline calicivirus
274
Cats vaccinated for calicivirus can still get this form?
FCV-VSD (virulent systemic disease)
275
Symptoms of FCV-VSD other than normal FCV symptoms?
``` Facial Edema Foot Pad Sloughing Pneumonia Liver, Spleen, Pancreatic Necrosis Vascular Injury ```
276
Immunity with FCV?
Not lifelong, vaccinate recovered animals!
277
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine can be confused with what other diseases?
Foot and Mouth Vesicular Stomatitis Swine Vesicular Disease
278
Is vesicular exanthema of swine in the US?
Not anymore!
279
How is vesicular exanthema of swine transmitted?
Direct Contact | Pork Scraps
280
San Miguel Sea Lion Virus?
Calicivirus (unspecified)
281
Important birnaviridae we studied?
Avibirnavirus
282
Infectious Bursal Disease?
Avibirnavirus
283
Gumbo disease?
Avibirnavirus
284
What cells are affected by avibirnavirus?
B cells
285
Which serotype of infectious burial disease is pathogenic?
IBDV-1
286
What species is affected by IBVD?
Young chickens
287
How resistant is IBDV?
Very! up to 52 days in environment!
288
Initial site of replication of IBDV?
Gut macrophages and lymph
289
How does IBDV reach the BF?
Viremia
290
Does IBDV spread beyond the BF?
Yes! Secondary viremia to other lymph tissues
291
Why is IBDV often fatal?
Cytokine storm
292
Symptoms of IBDV?
ruffled diarrhea swollen BF
293
Which vaccine can be given to chicks for IBDV before the maternal ABs wear away?
Hot Vaccine | Intermediate Vaccine
294
Vaccination for IBDV in the egg?
Live recombinant vaccine
295
Viruses on this test that replicate in the cytoplasm?
Reoviridae | Orthomyxo (both)
296
Double Stranded viruses on this test?
Adenoviridae Reoviridae Birnaviridae
297
Segmented viruses on this test?
Reo Birna Ortho
298
Helical viruses on this test?
Ortho Corona Rhabdo Paramyxo
299
Viruses with inclusion bodies on this test?
Adeno (N) Rhabdo (Negri) Paramyxo (N/C)
300
Enveloped viruses on this test?
Calici Reo Birna
301
Tumor causing viruses on this test?
Retro | Adeno